论文代写：论文提纲有哪些种类

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论文代写：论文提纲有哪些种类

对于一篇好的论文，好的数据只能算30%，而怎样把它以一种精彩的方式表述出来占了70%，所以同样的内容，由不同人来写，可能会有不同的效果。那么，怎样写出一篇逻辑性很强的论文呢，首先就是要列好论文提纲。

论文提纲是指作者经过精心构思后用来引导论文写作的逻辑图表，通常以文本呈现，由序号和相应简练语句组成。编制论文提纲是论文写作中一项重要的基础性工作，就好比建筑一幢大楼、铸造一种复杂的机器零件，首先需要构思、设计和绘制图纸。下面我们就一起来探讨一下论文提纲有哪些。

论文提纲根据本身的详略可以分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲的特点在于文字较少、高度概括，一般只是简单地列出论文各个部分的大小标题，至于各个部分如何展开没有明确。

论文代写：论文提纲有哪些种类

论文框架结构上具体分析，论文提纲还可以细分为并列式提纲、递进式提纲、分合式提纲等类型。

并列式提纲。并列式提纲设计的论文结构中各层次的关系式平行并列的关系，没有主次关系，没有因果关系，也没有隶属关系，往往是围绕论文主题而论述同等的几个要素。

递进式提纲。递进式提纲设计的论文结构反映了围绕论文主题而展开的步步为营、丝丝入扣、由表及里、由浅入深的论文文脉，论文的各部分从前到后存在着步步深入的递进关系，一层还比一层深刻，一步还比一步深远。

论文代写：论文提纲有哪些种类

分合式提纲。由于论文主题的复杂性，大多数论文的提纲并不是简单的并列式或者递进式，而是出现分中有合、合中有分、分分合合、合合分分等结构形式，有时论文总论点在各个层次的分论点中得以体现和阐述，有时在各个层次分论点的基础之上进行概括，有时一部分呈现并列关系的几个方面内容而另一部分则又呈现递进关系，如此等等。

好了，以上就是为大家带来的论文提纲有哪些的介绍了，提纲的种类有很多，希望大家在选择的时候要弄清楚每个方法之前的差异和联系，为以后的写作打下良好的基础。

如果你觉得本文还不够详尽，可以再看看本站其它相关文章，或许对你有用。另外，如果需要美国论文代写，就点击上方栏目列表，各种服务等着你，客服24小时在线，欢迎咨询!

essay代写：股市交易研究

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essay代写：股市交易研究

黄娟娟和沈一峰(2007)研究了1994年和2005年上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所所有上市公司的数据。他们补充了上市公司股权结构的特点，该结构基于哈佛大学的贝克和纽约大学的沃格勒提出的股利迎合理论。他们排除了样本中数据缺失的公司，ST或PT上市公司，净资产为负的公司，上市时间不足一年的公司(截至2015年12月底)。根据他们的研究，在股权高度集中的上市公司中，管理者主要是为了迎合强势投资者的口味而制定股利政策，而忽视了小股东的偏好。他们的研究支持了股利迎合理论。根据这一理论，上市公司进行利益分配的原因是上市公司管理层在制定股利政策时会考虑改变投资者的需求。

essay代写：股市交易研究
何涛，陈秀月(2003)利用上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所所有上市公司1995年和2001年的数据进行研究分析。他和陈对中国股票市场广泛存在的股票分配行为动机和共同储备资本化进行了实证研究。他们认为上市公司的股票分配会导致股票数量的增加和股票价格的下降，这与美国股票市场的股票分红和股票分割等类似。因此，他们检验了现有的“信号假说”和“流动性假说”是否也适用于中国市场。他们的研究结果表明，这两个假设不能很好地解释中国市场的股票分布和资本化行为。根据股票分配和资本化前后股价的变化，提出了“价格错觉假说”。

essay代写：股市交易研究

Huang Juanjuan and Shen Yifeng (2007) studied the data of all listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange during 1994 and 2005. They added the characteristics of listed companies’ equity structure based on catering theory of dividend proposed by Baker from Harvard and Wurgler from New York University. They excluded from the sample those companies whose data is missing, ST or PT listed companies, companies with negative net assets, companies getting listed for less than one year (by the end of Dec., 2015). According to their research, in those listed companies with highly concentrated equity, managers mainly make dividend polices to cater for the taste of strong investors, while the preference of those minor shareholders are usually neglected. Their research supported catering theory of dividend. According to this theory, the reason why listed companies distribute their interest is that the management level of listed companies will consider changing the needs of investors while making dividend policies.

essay代写：股市交易研究
He Tao, Chen Xioyue (2003) used all listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange for research, analyzing their data during 1995 and 2001. He and Chen conduced empirical research on the behavior motive of stock distribution and capitalizing common reserves widely existing in Chinese stock market. They believe that listed company’s stock distribution will lead to the increase in number of stock and decrease in stock price, which is similar to stock dividend and stock split in American stock market etc.. Therefore, they examined whether the existing “signaling hypothesis” and “mobility hypothesis” are also suitable to Chinese market. The result of their research showed that these two hypotheses cannot well explain the stock distribution and capitalizing behavior in Chinese market. According to the change of stock price before and after stock distribution and capitalizing, their paper put forward the“price delusion hypothesis”.

留学生Essay作业：葡萄种植园易造成的病害

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留学生Essay作业：葡萄种植园易造成的病害

新西兰也提供了大量的品种，这是诱人的人。新西兰常见的葡萄酒葡萄品种有长相思、霞多丽、黑比诺、起泡、梅洛、西拉、雷司令、灰比诺等。由于新西兰海岸线辽阔，新西兰的葡萄酒品种众多。其中，白苏维浓葡萄园约占新西兰葡萄园总面积的58%，黑比诺约占新西兰葡萄园总面积的15%。在气候炎热、湿度高的时期，葡萄的品质可能会受到一些负面的影响，从而导致真菌疾病的发生。对葡萄种植园造成的病害包括白腐病、苦腐病、白粉病、灰霉病、死臂病、棕斑轴斑病、锈病、冠瘿病、死背病等细菌性疾病以及细菌性溃疡病等。这些疾病在不同的地区是不同的。

留学生Essay作业：葡萄种植园易造成的病害
造成这些,霜霉病在中国几乎所有的地区,而造成白粉病在华北地区,灰色的模具是在河北地区的传播,山东、Sinchun,上海,亲爱的胳膊造成西北的地区,北京、天津和河北、褐斑病是一种疾病,是造成中国和所有地区的传播主要集中在雨季,轴底色是疾病引起在河北,山东、河南、辽宁、江苏、广东、福建、广东、广西、四川、云南、江苏等地为锈病多发地区，河北、北京、天津及中国东北地区为多发地区。许多疾病一直在影响着法国的酿酒葡萄。历史上严重流行的疾病有法国葡萄枯萎病、葡萄根瘤蚜、葡萄根茎病等。新西兰葡萄酒葡萄中最常见的疾病有白粉病、皮氏病、葡萄孢菌病、黑足病等。

留学生Essay作业：葡萄种植园易造成的病害

New Zealand also offers a large number of varieties which are alluring for the people. Some of the common wine grape varieties in New Zealand include Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Sparkling, Merlot, Syrah, Riesling, Pinot Gris etc. Because of the great coastline in New Zealand, there are a large number of varieties in New Zealand. Out of this, Sauvignon Blanc vineyards are in around 58 % of the total area of Vineyards in New Zealand and Pinot Noir is in around 15 % of the total vineyard area of New Zealand. During the times of hot climate and high humidity, there may be a number of negative impacts on the quality of grape which may lead to the number of fungal diseases. Some of the diseases which are caused to the grape wine plantations may include White rot, bitter rot, and powdery mildew, grey Mold, Dead Arm, Brown spot axle blotch, rust and crown gall and die back and other bacterial diseases such as bacterial canker. The diseases are different from one region to another region.

留学生Essay作业：葡萄种植园易造成的病害
Out of these, Downy Mildew is caused in almost all the regions in China, while the Powdery Mildew is caused in the regions of North China, Grey Mold is spread in the regions of In Hebei, Shandong, Sinchun, Shanghai, Dear Arm is caused in the regions of North West, Beijing, Tianjing and Hebei, Brown Spot is a disease which is caused in all the regions of China and is spread mostly in the rainy seasons, Axle Blotch is the disease which is caused in In Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu and Guangdong, rust is the disease which is caused in In Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichun, Yunnan and Jiangsu, and crown Gall is the disease which is caused especially in Hebei, Beijing, Tiangjing and the North-eastern region of China. There are many diseases which have been impacting the wine grapes in France. Some of the diseases which were a serious epidemic in history include the Great French Wine Blight, grape phylloxera, vinifera rootstock etc. The diseases which mostly occur in Wine Grapes in New Zealand include the powdery Mildew, Petri Disease, Botrytis, Black foot disease etc.

report代写：什么是软实力

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report代写：什么是软实力

从这种批判性的评价和讨论中可以明显看出，软实力的本质在于吸引力。当一个国家拥有其他国家可以欣赏和效仿的价值观时，它就具有吸引力。根据Nye(2009)的研究，已经发现软实力是一个本土企业。然而，这并不一定意味着国家或民族具有自我生产的能力(Whitney et al.， 2008)。美国的软实力大多是通过微软等组织产生的。因此，软实力的实质是存在于个人而不是国家内部。软实力是一个最新的年份，但不是一个现代的概念(丁，2010年)。准确地说，正是基于吸引力和成就的价值观，使得它们在中国和印度等地区具有最大的影响力。整个亚洲大陆也深受两个伟大文明的影响，这两个文明与美国相比已经持续了一个世纪。基于美国的软实力表现。

report代写：什么是软实力
在确定软实力时，有几种类型的国家有可能在软实力领域取得优势(Lee et al.， 2011)。这些国家的文化占主导地位，它们的理想接近普遍存在的全球准则。这些国家也能最大限度地利用若干通讯渠道。因此，问题框架的制定方式以及通过在国内和全球环境中的表现提高信誉的方式都受到很大影响。从本质上说，在亚洲内部，美国的软实力依然强大。很明显，美国特别是在国家经济的持续崛起和外交努力之后(Lee, 2009)。对美国的软实力也有了更高的认识。在其他重要领域也更加尊重国家。

report代写：什么是软实力

From this critical evaluation and discussion, it is evident that the essence towards soft power lies in attractiveness. A nation is attractive when it has values which other nations can admire and wish at emulating. According to Nye (2009), it has been revealed that soft power is a local enterprise. This however, does not necessarily imply that it is something that states or nations have the ability of producing their self (Whitney et al., 2008). Most of the soft power of America has been produced through organization such as Microsoft, etc. Therefore, the soft power substance is present within the individuals and not within states. Soft power is of a latest vintage but the notion is not a modern one (Ding, 2010). Precisely, it is the values based attractiveness and achievement which has resulted in making them maximally influential in the region such as the nation of China and India. The entire continent of Asia is also influenced deeply and indelibly of 2 greater civilizations which have been lasting a century in comparison with the U.S based soft power manifestations.

report代写：什么是软实力
When determining soft power, there are several types of nations which have a likeliness of excelling in the domain of soft power (Lee et al., 2011). These nations are the ones whose cultures are dominating and their ideals are close to global norms prevailing. These are also the nations with maximized access to several communication channels. Therefore much influence is present on the way in which issue-framing is done and the way in which credibility can be enhanced through performance in the domestic and global environment. Essentially, within Asia, the American soft power has remained strong. It has been clear that U.S is still Asia based preeminent power especially after the nation’s continued rise of economy and efforts diplomatically (Lee, 2009). There is also higher recognition level of soft power for U.S with more respect for the nation in terms of other essential domains as well.