美国essay格式的写作问题

美国essay格式的写作问题

关于美国essay的写作,对于很大一部分留学生来说是个头疼的问题。它相当于我们国内学校的作业,但是essay只是国外大学作业的其中一种形式,而且写作量很大,要求又很严格。其实想写好essay,最基本的就是要弄清essay格式。下面就给留学生们讲一讲。

格式要求。美国留学论文写作基本是有essay和report两种格式。essay结构分为introduction,main body,和conclusion.不用太复杂的结构。Report要有executive summary,结构要求很高,文章要分为几个部分来写,每个部分都要有不同的大标题,后面的章节还要有副标题等。

写作内容的注意事项。对于美国的文化有一定了解的朋友们都知道,美国人的思维与我们相反的,所以在写essay的时候也是同样的道理。不要在文章的开始就写出自己的观点,而是要先阐述一下文章的论证,之后再得出结论。在我们中国人的习惯中,举一个例子,我想吃青菜。然后论证自己的观点,如,我今天需要补充维生素,维生素对于健康有好处,所以得出了我想吃青菜的观点。而在美国人的思维中,要先说青菜中有很多的维生素,对于人们的健康有什么好处,从而得出为什么要吃青菜的原因,引起我想吃青菜的说法。

文章引用部分的注释规范。如果作者的姓名在文章中出现,要给出作者的姓和出版省份,将出版年份放在小括号内。比如,In a recent study Harvey(1993)agued that…;被引用的作者在同一年中出版了两部以上著作或发表了两篇以上的essay,用小写字母a.b.c等予以区别,放在年份后面,如,Johnson(1989a)discussed the subject…;如果有三位以上的作者,只给出第一位作者的姓,再用斜体写上et al.(等人),如,Wilson et al.(1993)conclude that…;如果在文中有引用其他作何的话,而且引文的字数不超过两行的话,直接插入文本中即可,可以使用引号将文本隔开。美国留学essay中写作可以使用单引号也可以使用双引号,全文一致就可以了。比如,Aitchison(1981),for example,points out that language issubject to change,and is not caused by“unnecessary sloppiness,laziness orignorance”。

字数的问题。建议大家不要为了凑字数而来回绕,可以在写作中从不同角度验证自己的观点,从不同的角度写的话,字数就多了,而且只要自己的观点正确,导师要二回觉得你的分析很全面、很有见解。但是如果你车轱辘话、绕来绕去的话,就只会给人留下一个差的印象,不仅不会加分,还会减分。要注意的是文后的references列表和附录(appendix)是不算字的。比如,导师要求文章是4000字,那正文的字数就是4000+/-10%字。如果要求no more than 4000 words,那正文的字数就不能超过4000字。如果要求no less than 4000 words,那正文的字数就不能少于4000字。

人称问题。美国留学essay的写作属于学术文章,在写作的时候是不能够使用第一人称(I,we,in my opinion,…),可以用被动语态。不能说I DO STH,要说XX HAS BEEN DONE…特别是写REPORT的时候,导师们一般喜欢看被动语态的句子和文章。

以上就简要讲了讲essay写作的问题,如果留学生们想了解详细的essay格式写作内容,可以来我们美国高阶论文AdvancedThesis教育网咨询,我们专门做留学生作业、论文的代写和修改服务,我们24小时在线,有需要的同学欢迎随时咨询。

论文抄袭:迁移的目的

论文抄袭:迁移的目的

迁移本质上是一种投资决策,以防迁移涉及预先成本,并且记住未来的回报也不确定。人力资本与移民之间相互关系的研究最早是由Sjaastad(1962)完成的。Becker(1975)也同意这一观点,他指出,为了增加未来收入的净现值,移民必须通过迁移到不同的地方来使用他们的技能,从而提高他们的技能(Unhcr, 2015)。1980年代初,国际移徙的人力资本方法不足以解释移徙工资和收入的决定因素,格林伍德(1977年)首先引用了这一方法。由此产生的模型表明,一个人的效用功能也包括特定地区市场上无法获得的服务和商品(UN, 2015)。便利设施指的是那些并非随处可见的商品,比如风景优美的景色、清新的空气等等。Rosen关于隐含市场和享乐价格的精细工作为这组模型提供了起源(IMF, 2015)。
此外,更高水平的公共设施,如适当的卫生保健服务、良好的基础设施、教育组织和更积极的司法系统,吸引了来自其他国家的移民(瑞士信贷,2015)。希尔兹在1989年提出,人们迁移到遥远的地方,以便最好地融合服务和商品。兰卡斯特(1966)和威利斯(1973)提出的新家庭经济学理论和模型构成了该模型的基础。所有家庭都在不同程度上为自己生产商品和服务。这是新家庭经济学(Calva, L。路易斯·F。拉斯帝格,N。,2010)。然而,为了涵盖所有潜在的迁移因素,需要用其他理论加以澄清。因此,预计为了了解难以捉摸的国际移徙现象,将提出这些模型。它涵盖了以前没有包括的因素(乔凡尼,J。Levchenko,。, & Ortega, F。,2015)。

论文抄袭:迁移的目的

Migration is essentially an investment decision in case where migration involves up-front costs and keeping in mind that the payoff in the future is also not sure. The study of interrelation between human capital and migration was foremost done by Sjaastad (1962). This view was also shared by Becker (1975) who stated that in order to increase the net present value of future earnings, migrants must use their skills through migrating to different places and thus provide growth of their skills (Unhcr, 2015).In the early 1980s, the human capital approach of international migration was not sufficient to explain the determinants of wages and earnings of migration, and it was first cited by Greenwood (1977). The consequent models stated that the utilityfunction of a person also includes such services and goods which are unavailable in the market of a particular region (UN, 2015). Amenities are those goods that are not universally available like scenic view, clean air, etc. Elaborate work of Rosen on implicitly of market and hedonic prices gave origin to this group of models (IMF, 2015).
Moreover, higher levels of public amenities like proper health care services, good infrastructures, educational organizations, and more active justice system attract migrants from other countries (Credit Suisse, 2015).Shields suggested in 1989 that people migrate to distant places to make the best amalgamation of services and goods. The theories and models of the new household economics, propounded by Lancaster (1966) and Willis (1973) form the basis of this model. All households make goods and services in various degrees for their own usage.This were the basic idea given in new household economics (Calva, L., Luis, F.,&Lustig, N., 2010).However, to cover all the factors underlying migrations needs to be clarified by additional theories. It is thus anticipated that to understand the elusive phenomenon of international migration, such models will be proposed. Itcovers the factors not included earlier (Giovanni, J.,Levchenko, A., & Ortega, F., 2015).

代写被抓:什么是战斗人员的复员

代写被抓:什么是战斗人员的复员

第一种冲突是国家间的冲突,它发生在两个民族国家之间,是官方军事力量之间的战争,另一种冲突是国家内部的冲突。国内冲突发生在军队、武装分子或非正规武装组织之间。这些团体可包括为自卫而携带小型武器和轻武器的平民。在这里,必须解除武装,以避免冲突造成的暴力和破坏。复员是指使一支武装部队从准备就绪状态进入战斗状态的情况。更确切地说,这是战争结束时战斗人员放下武器和退出战斗。复员可适用于各种情况,包括从建筑物或中心遣散个别战斗人员,或遣散居住在营地或营房的战斗人员群体(科利尔,1994年;轩和拉斯穆森,2008)。战斗人员的复员过程是为了查明、登记、清点和使他们处于非战争状态。复员需要收集身份证或必要的文件,以便收集有关前战斗人员的资料,并设法通过和平进程使他们融入社会(Carballo, 2000)。
战斗人员的复员过程包括他们的医疗检查和治疗、他们的维持和安排将他们送回家园的交通工具。复员进程受到时间限制。它是在预先确定的场地内进行规划的。基本任务是平息社会中的武装分子和群体,以解决冲突,确保非暴力社会(Jensen, 2001)。复员进程的目标群体可以是武装军事部队、武装团体,甚至是为自卫或其他目的使用武器武装自己的平民。军事部队的复员可以是全面复员或选定群体的复员。群体的选择可以侧重于残疾人、病人或老战斗人员。军队复员可能基于该国的政治形势。根据一项政治立场,当局奉命遣散武装部队中的某些人员。复员过程类似于征聘过程,因为在这两个过程中,选定的成员并不知道所进行的挑选。复员的目标可以是武装团体,也可以是定期或不定期配备武器的个人男子、妇女或儿童。

代写被抓:什么是战斗人员的复员

First conflict is inter-state conflict, which occurs between two nation-states as a war between official military forces, while the other one is intra-state conflict. Intra-state conflict occurs between military, and militants or irregularly armed groups. These groups may include civilians containing small arms and light weapons for the cause of self-defence. Here disarmament becomes necessary to avoid violence and destruction as a result of conflict. Demobilisation refers to the condition of bringing off an armed force from ready to combat status. More precisely, it is the discharge of weapons and standing down of combatants when war is terminated. Demobilization can be applied to various situations including demobilization of individual combatant from a building or centre, or demobilization of combatant groups residing in camps or barracks (Colllier, 1994; Porch and Rusmussen, 2008). The process of demobilization of combatants is carried out to identify, register, count and bringing them to off-war state. Demobilization requires collection of identification cards or necessary documents in order to gather information about former combatants and devise ways to integrate them in society through a peaceful process (Carballo, 2000).
The process of demobilization of combatants includes their medical checkups and treatment, their maintenance and arrangement of transport to send them back to their home stations. Demobilization process is restricted within a time frame. It is carried out on defined premises with predefined planning. The basic task is to stand down armed elements and groups in the society in order to resolve a conflict and ensure non-violent society (Jensen, 2001).The target group for the process of demobilization may be carried out for armed military forces, militant groups or even civilians who have armed themselves with weapons either for self-defence or other purposes. Demobilization in military forces can be overall demobilization or demobilization of selected groups. Selection of group may focus on the handicapped elements, ill people or old combatants. Military demobilisation may be based on political scenario of the country. Following a political stance, authorities are ordered to demobilize certain elements among the armed forces. The process of demobilisation is similar to recruitment process in the way that in both processes selected members are unaware of the selection. The target for demobilization can be armed groups, or individual men, women or children who are regularly or irregularly equipped with arms weapons.