本科论文代写

代写论文:金融会计

代写论文:金融会计

按美国会计准则,研发支出以及销售费用需要充电的时间跨度期间它们的费用,从而减少利润水平(玛蒂等,2003)。然而,成功的研究可以为未来的利润,如果它可以在市场上推出。同样,投资于消费者满意度做能振作,通过增加收入,目前买家忠实的经济表现,吸引新买家的关注和修剪下来的交易费用(说等人,2003)。此外,非财务数据可能提供的缺失的差距,在这样的有利的做法和财务成果,通过提供相关的股票业绩或会计的前瞻性信息。
最后,措施的选择应基于提供信息与管理行为随着数量的“噪音”的措施(列弗,2001)。噪音意味着对性能指标的修改,这是超越经理或公司的控制,从经济内部的改变,运气(坏或好)。主管需要意识到有多少成就是由于他们的行为,或他们不会有他们需要的迹象,他们的努力最大限度地提高性能。因为相对于会计措施的一些非财务指标不易受外界的噪声,利用可能通过更具体的评估他们的行为提供提升管理者的绩效(玛蒂等,2003)。这也与下当决定支付时间的管理人员所面临的风险。
最后,本文试图从两个角度审视。首先,正式承认在年度报告中的公司的商业模式和在解释会计惯例中的概念所涉及的问题。其次,非财务指标在报道企业经营模式中的作用。该文件已相当成功地这样做。

代写论文:金融会计

As per the U.S. accounting standards, R&D expenditures as well as marketing costs needs to be charged for during the time span they are incurred, thus trimming down the profit levels (Maines et. al., 2003). However, successful research perks up the future profits in case if it could be introduced in the marketplace. Likewise, investments done in consumer satisfaction could perk up following economic performance through augmenting revenues and faithfulness of present buyers, catching the attention of new buyers and trimming down the transaction expenses (Said et. al., 2003). Further, non-financial data could offer the missing gaps amid such advantageous practices and financial outcomes through making available forward-looking information related to stock performance or accounting.

Lastly, the selection of measures should be grounded upon offering information related to managerial acts along with the amount of “noise” within the measures (Lev, 2001). Noise implies towards the modifications in performance measure, which are beyond manager or company’s control, varying from alterations within the economy to luck (bad or good). Supervisors need to be aware about how much achievement is due to their acts or they wouldn’t have the signs they require for maximizing their efforts on performance. Since several non-financial measures are less vulnerable to outside noise as compared to the accounting measures, their utilization might enhance managers’ performance through offering more specific assessment of their acts (Maines et. al., 2003). This also trims down the risk faced by the managers at the time when deciding pay.

To conclude, this particular paper attempted to examine Tesco from two perspectives. First of all, formal recognition of Tesco’s business model within the Annual Report and the problems involved in interpreting the concept within accounting conventions. Secondly, the role of non-financial measures in reporting Tesco’s business model. The paper has been quite successful in doing so.