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留学生论文代写:保护主义理论

留学生论文代写:保护主义理论。保护主义是各国采取的一种方式,以增加某些土著工业的竞争力,如果实行自由贸易,这些工业就会被消灭。印度表示,上述税收”,增加进口的商品进入印度造成并威胁要对国内产业造成严重伤害/主题商品的生产者,和任何延迟申请提供保障的责任会导致损伤难以修复”(税收商,2015)。保护主义在国际贸易领域并不少见。从像印度这样的发展中国家到像美国这样的发达国家(Tumlir, 1985),所有国家都倾向于保护主义。一些保护主义政策,如增加关税提高了外国公司相对于国内公司的成本,并通常影响系统的整体福利(Sykes, 1999)。接下来留学生论文代写专家将为同学们分析讨论下保护主义理论。

保护主义在国际贸易领域并不少见。从像印度这样的发展中国家到像美国这样的发达国家(Tumlir, 1985),所有国家都倾向于保护主义。一些保护主义政策,如增加关税提高了外国公司相对于国内公司的成本,并通常影响系统的整体福利(Sykes, 1999)。这些政策的主要目的是使外国产品的价格高到使国内市场偏爱本国产品而不喜欢外国产品。这样的政策通常会带来无谓的损失,阻碍整个社会和国家的福利。

此外,这些政策也不鼓励国内企业的改进。当增加专用关税和税收等措施在该体系中实施时,国内企业就可以很容易地进入市场。没有来自国外生产的更好的产品的竞争,这使得国内公司发展他们的技能或技术变得不重要。因此,虽然他们会有更大的收入,但他们不会在提高自己或使自己更具竞争力方面投入太多。基本上,在这些政策的存在下,国内市场通常会停滞不前。另一方面,那些努力使国内市场更具竞争性、鼓励创新和改善获得信贷机会的规定并没有使国内公司获得更多进入市场的机会,但肯定使它们能够以更有效和长期的方式处理竞争。

学术界的共识是,此类贸易限制和保护主义对经济不利。因此,它们是中国限制进口的更受欢迎的方式。印度用来“鼓励”国内企业的从价税就属于第一类,这些企业大多是小企业。研究表明,这样的税收对印度等发展中经济体没有好处,因为印度需要更高程度的自由贸易来鼓励外国玩家进入市场(Caliendo, Feenstra, Romalis & Taylor, 2015)。这种强加行为严重破坏了伙伴国之间的贸易和政治关系。

Protectionism is not uncommon in the arena of international trade. Right from the developing countries like India to the developed countries like the US (Tumlir, 1985), all countries have favoured protectionism. Some protectionist policies like increase in tariffs raise the cost of foreign firms with respect to the domestic firms and generally affect the overall welfare of the system (Sykes, 1999). These policies are essentially aimed at making the foreign products so costly that the domestic market prefers the domestic goods against the foreign goods. Such policies usually have a deadweight loss associated with them which hampers the welfare of the society and country as a whole.

Furthermore, these policies do not encourage improvement of the domestic firms. When measures such as increased dedicated tariffs and taxes are implemented in the system, the domestic firms get an easy access to the market. There is no competition from better products produced in foreign countries which makes it unimportant for the domestic firms to develop their skill or technology. As a result, while they would have stronger revenue, they do not invest much in improving themselves or making themselves more competitive. Essentially, the domestic markets generally stagnate in the presence of such policies. On the other hand, regulations which strive to make the domestic market more competitive, encourage innovation and improve access to credit do not grant the domestic firms with more access to the market, but definitely equip them to handle competition in a more effective and long-term way.

There has been an academic consensus that such trade restrictions and protectionisms are not good for the economy. Thus, they are the more popular ways of restricting imports in the country. The kind of measure used by India- an ad valorem tax- to “encourage” the domestic firms, most of which are small enterprises, falls under the first category. Researches show that such taxes are not beneficial for developing economies like India where a higher degree of free trade is required to encourage foreign players to enter the market (Caliendo, Feenstra, Romalis & Taylor, 2015). Such impositions seriously undermine the trade and political relations between the partner countries.

以上内容就是留学生论文代写专家将为同学们分析讨论的保护主义理论。如果留学生们有需要美国论文代写帮助的,可以放心选择美国论文代写服务公司。其服务公司拥有专业领域的英文论文创作专家,通过其论文创作专家的帮助可以使论文写作变得更容易些,并在严格的论文交付期限内完成创作。美国论文代写服务致力于为留学生提供高质量的论文创作服务,并提供100%无抄袭内容。因此,请登录美国论文代写网站并立即订购专属您的个性化论文!同