代写会计论文

留学生作业代写:风险管理

留学生作业代写:风险管理

联合国贸发会议2010年的一份报告指出,在这一点上,普遍的风险承担增加了,这是金融机构导致危机的原因之一。过度冒险与董事会的监管失误有关。因此,公司治理的失直接导致了股东责任的缺失。极端冒险行为在组织结构中以不同的形式出现。Clarke(2010)发现,金融危机前的许多机构的薪酬结构被认为是高风险的。股东们相信,他们所投资的机构一定会优先考虑他们的利益,而不是冒着挑战他们利益的高风险。薪酬结构的缺陷,加上财务管理的复杂性,导致高管的透明度降低,优势增加。由于大多数高管根据他们在C部门的业务运营情况,把预付款和预付款拿回家,实际业绩被放在次要位置。风险管理的这种基本失灵被认为是公司治理无法满足股东投资的主要原因。
即使从安然(Enron)丑闻等实时灾难中吸取的教训,也没有让许多金融机构做好充分准备,因为它们仍在继续冒险行为。安然丑闻于2011年曝光,当时能源公司安然因其股票的过度通胀而倒闭。安然的结构和外部审计缺乏财务透明度,管理层的行为受到审查。安然丑闻导致了《萨班斯-奥克斯利-萨班斯法案》(Sarbanes Oxley SOX)等法律的出台。在萨班斯-奥克斯利法案中,公共监督委员会、审计委员会、财务控制以及财务披露被列为公司财务结构的强制性组成部分。这些都是为了保护公司股东的利益。尽管有这些控制,十年后半段出现的问题主要是由于风险控制的失败。

留学生作业代写:风险管理

An UNCTD report in 2010 indicates that pervasive risk taking increased at this point and this was one reason that the financial institutions led to crises. Excessive risk taking was connected to board oversight failures. The failure of governance hence played a direct role in breach of stockholder duties. Extreme risk taking behaviour was seen in the organizations structures in different forms. Clarke (2010) identified that many of the institutions before the financial crises had remuneration structures that were seen to be high risk. Stockholder faith that the institution which they invested into would keep their interests must have been given priority, instead high risks were taken that challenged their interests. Faulty remuneration structures along with complexity in financial management led to lesser transparency and more advantages for the executives. Actual accomplishment took a backseat as most of the executives took home advances and upfront earnings based on their running the business at the C suite. This basic failure of risk management is cited as the main cause of corporate governance failing to meet stockholder investments.
Even lessons learnt from real time disasters such as the Enron scandal did not prepare much of the financial institutions as they still carried on with their risk taking behaviour. The Enron scandal came to light in 2011 as Enron, an energy company collapsed because of the over inflation of its stock. There was lack of financial transparency in the Enron structure and external auditing and the behaviour of management came under scrutiny. The Enron scandal led to legislation such as the Sarbanes Oxley SOX where public oversight boards, auditing boards and financial controls along with financial disclosures were made a mandatory part of the financial structures of companies. These were some to protect the interests of the company stockholders. Despite these controls, the issues of the latter part of the decade arose mainly because of the failure in risk control.