论文代写：董事
论文代写：董事
通常情况下，董事也是另一家公司的成员。法律禁止董事从事这些活动。在这种情况下，董事同意并同意与另一家公司的合同，为其成员或董事，有可能出现的问题。
董事发现自己处于可能发生冲突的情况下，可以减少违约责任：
•他们全面披露了合同
•公司章程允许董事与其他公司/公司建立合同关系
•磁偏角的这件事，投票导演然而，如果情况真的发生，公司应该保护的地方，总监应确保所有必要的措施保护公司利益。（ASIC，2012）
如果董事被发现违反了职务，他/她可能面临民事或刑事处罚。如果董事进行故意欺诈或鲁莽行为，可能会发生刑事处罚，正如《公司法》第2001条所述。然而，由于对刑事证明标准有较高的门槛，可能会有公司采取的民事诉讼，在普通法中可能会要求损害赔偿.。可能的民事诉讼，公司可以从事包括合同的解除、公平补偿，推定信托，以及禁止或制裁（的认出，2014）。
有一些政策方面的原因，法律禁止利益冲突。包括各种法律和经营理由。从组织运营的角度出发，对利益冲突发生的情况下可能会损害组织进行有效的功能和效应导致的经济后果的能力，加上损害了公司的社会声誉。与利益冲突的政策，它是确保董事们意识到识别的重要性，以及避免潜在的和实际的利益冲突。
除了一般管理原则外，董事会成员必须以其组织的利益作出决定，而不是以自己的利益为依据，而这些责任源于受托人的义务，每个董事会或委员会成员都应向该组织负责.。（普华永道，2011）
论文代写：董事
It is quite a usual occurrence that a director is also a member of another company. No law prohibits a director to engage in these activities. In such conditions that the director agrees and consents to a contract with another company as its member or a director, there is a possibility that the problems emerge.
In case that the directors find themselves in a situation of potential conflict, the breach of duty can be reduced in case:
• they make a full disclosure about the contract
• the constitution of the company permits the director for establishing contractual association with other company/companies
• declination by the director for voting on the matter, however, in case a condition does occur, where the company should be protected, the director should ensure that all essential measures are taken for guarding the company’s interest. (ASIC, 2012)
In case that a director is found breaching the duties, he/she might be faced with civil or criminal penalties. If a director conducts intentional dishonesty or acts recklessly, criminal punishment might occur, as it stated in section 184 of the Corporations Act 2001. Nevertheless, since there is high threshold with regards to the criminal standard of proof, there might be civil actions taken by the companies, where they might claim damages in common law. The possible civil actions that a company can pursue includes – contract’s rescission, equitable compensation, constructive trusts, as well as bans or sanctions (The FindLaw, 2014).
There are several policy reasons that the law discourages conflicts of interest. It includes the various legal as well as operational reasons. From the perspective of the operations of the organization, the instances of the occurrences of conflict of interest might damage the ability of the organization to perform efficient functioning and in effect lead to financial consequences, together with damaging the company’s reputation in the society. With the policy of conflict of interest, it is ensured that that the directors are aware of the significance to identify as well as avoid potential and actual conflicts of interest.
It is a legislative requirement in addition to the general governance principle that board members must make decisions in the interests of their organisations, not in their own interests – which stems from fiduciary obligations, which each board or committee member owes to the organisation. (PwC, 2011)
