美国代写-黄蜂瓢虫的反应嗅觉仪实验

美国代写-黄蜂瓢虫的反应嗅觉仪实验。将洋葱植物暴露在马铃薯植物挥发物中，会导致两种不同的萜类化合物TMTT和(E)- Nerolidol的排放水平增加。为了研究黄蜂瓢虫对模仿洋葱(未暴露的和暴露的土豆)挥发性特征的化学合成混合物的嗅觉反应，在以前收集植物气味的基础上进行了剂量-反应嗅觉仪实验。以马铃薯综合混交未暴露植株为对照，对马铃薯综合混交暴露植株对胡蜂的响应进行了试验研究。

According to this analysis, the ratio is 5 per cent vs. 95 per cent as a result of which X2 = 71.09, d.f. = 1, P< 0.05. Among the females landing over real plants, there seems to be no significant variation between uninfested and infested plants, although a trend to land over infested plants had been noted. There seems to be a significant variation in the rate at which there are oriented flights among the two species of wasp. This means X2 = 14.60, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05, in which females of A. colemani showed more frequent oriented flights in comparison with the females of L. testaceipes species. From the other perspective, both the species showed more preference for actual plants instead of dummy plants, as a result of which, X2 = 0.67, d.f. = 1, ns. However, there must be underpinning of these approaches by the basic knowledge in ecology related to parasitoid species and preference behaviour of host in manipulation. Three aspects related to the preference behaviour of host include host suitability, host acceptance and host recognition. The host selection strategy of parasitoids is set on the basis of using short- range and long- range cues. Parasitoids tend to respond to both physical and semi-chemical stimuli for the location and recognition of the hosts. These types of responses are either because of sex pheromones of aphid that act as kairomones, or because of plant volatiles induced by aphid that acts as synomones. Several interactions such conditioning, learning and genetic factors play a significant role in the selection behaviour of host to forage parasitoids. Volatile interactions among unattacked plants can result in initiating changes in their emissions of volatility. Exposing onion plant in potato plants volatiles leads towards the increased level of emission under two different terpenoids that are TMTT and (E)- Nerolidol. For investigating the ladybird olfactory response of wasps to the synthetic blends of chemicals mimicking the profiles of volatility across onion- unexposed and exposed potatoes, dose- response experiments of olfactometer on the basis of previous collections of odor from the plants. The response of wasps to be synthetically blended exposed plants of potato had been tested in accordance with the synthetically blended unexposed plants of potato.

Both the species were known to be showing the same rate of landing on both, uninfested plants and infested plants. In the tunnel of wind, both the species were known to be showing different responses of behaviour that are highly dependent on the fact that is they were in phases of landing, flight or pre- flight. For experiment 2, Was done in a cage. The aphids with different color were put on the induced plants. Both clones were collected from Ononis spinosa and both have been cured of Hamiltonella, so have no symbionts. C256 is green and C257 is red, that is the only difference I can see from looking at our records! Each plant 15 2 days offsprings. The results I analyzed is the parasitism rate of offsprings on each plants. Please have a really serious look at my proposal presentation. The results shown that the plant induced with symbiont free aphids significantly attract A.ervi than symbiont carrier induced plant.

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