代写英文论文

美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写:经济衰退

美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写:经济衰退

根据凯因斯的原则,制定国家财政政策的目标是确保每个人都能就业(凯因斯,1980)。政府可能会选择一个自由裁量的财政政策,联邦预算将调整,以加快赤字开支。也有另一种方法称为自动稳定器,其中的政策将建立在税收结构。自由裁量的财政政策在美国只使用了两个时期。它主要是用在1981-1982年经济衰退和2008-2009年的时间后。在2008-2009年的经济刺激中,政府试图建立一个财政刺激计划,导致了巨额赤字。自动稳定器也被用于在这个时候,和自动稳定器的刺激被认为是更有效的比自由裁量的财政政策风格刺激。这是观察到的赤字在非自由裁量权的方式。
在经济衰退时期推出的主要财政政策之一是美国复苏和再投资法案。在经济衰退时期,为了刺激经济需要大量资金涌入,当时的贝拉克·奥巴马总统批准了一项7870亿美元的一揽子经济刺激计划。这种刺激的主要特权是确保企业能够严重的经济(史高丽,2009)。人们在那时被给予失业援助,医疗补助是为了提供这种帮助。教育机构也通过财政预算维持运行。个别拨款的开支及授权由管理及预算办公室规管。有一些担心从早期存在,如充足的数据文件的支出。在这项财政政策执行期间,文件和会计工作都做得更清楚了。在民主党和共和党2009的辩论中,一项花费了4100亿美元的法案通过,在同一年签署(CFG,2009)。

美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写:经济衰退

According to Keynes the principle objective in the context of formulating a fiscal policy for the state is to ensure that everybody is employed (Keynes, 1980). Governments might choose either a discretionary fiscal policy where the federal budgeting will be adjusted so as to rev up the deficit spending. Alternatively there is another approach called the automatic stabilizers, where the policy will be built in the tax structure. Discretionary fiscal policy has only been used in two periods in the United States. Primarily it was used in the recession of 1981-1982 and later in the time period of 2008-2009. For economic stimulation in 2008-2009, the Government attempted to create a fiscal stimulus which resulted in a large deficit. Automatic stabilizers were also used in this time, and the automatic stabilizer stimulus was seen to be more effective than the discretionary fiscal policy style stimulus. This was observed in the way the deficit created in non-discretionary was higher.
One of the prime fiscal policies that were introduced during the time of the recession was that of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. During the time of the recession where an influx of money was desired to stimulate the economy, the then president Barack Obama authorized a 787 Billion US dollars stimulus package. The primary prerogative of this stimulus was to ensure that businesses were able to severity of the economy (Scully, 2009). People were given unemployment aids at the time and Medicaid was sourced into in order to provide this assistance. Also educational institutions were kept running by using the fiscal policy budget. The spending and the authorization of the individual allocations were regulated by means of the Office of Management and Budget. There were some concerns that existed from earlier times, such as adequate data documentation on the spending. During the period of implementation of this fiscal policy the documentations and accounting were made clearer. After much debates in 2009 between the Democrats and the Republicans, a 410 billion dollar spending bill was passed, it was signed in the same year (CFG, 2009).