英文论文代写

美国论文代写:合同类型

美国论文代写:合同类型

该组织主要签订了两种或三种合同。其中之一是一种简单的传统合同方法,涉及与建筑师和设计师合作的工作范围的总承包商,并且一次性收取费用。这样的合同通常是通过竞标赢得的。戈登(Gordon,1994)认为,这种传统合同对于负责全部原材料采购,设计师协调和价格细节在建设开始之前负责的所有者具有优势,对价格可变性的了解(如果有的话),以及控制设计。简单来说,这是一个开始调试合同,使承包商能够控制整个施工程序。这种合同类型也给承包商选择采购程序带来了很大的自由。

美国论文代写:合同类型

这些程序或多或少是标准的,随后是知名且知名的供应商,他们长期以来一直提供物料,但是在每个合同之前,在施工期间对价格灵活性和预测变化性进行了讨论。但是,对于业主不喜欢的情况,由于行业受到经济状况的影响,此类合同通常会导致时间和成本估算不准确。 Odeh和Battaineh(2002)也同意这一观点,他们认为这类事件与传统的承包商中由于最低投标而选择的事件更为相关。虽然通货膨胀考虑因素正在合约中考虑,但一些不可控制的因素往往会影响定价,使成本估算升级。由于固定新价格并防止过度损失,这会在中期建设谈判中拖延时间。很大程度上违反业主的意愿,由于外部市场条件导致价格需要修改,承包商要求对原始合同中的条款进行修改。

美国论文代写:合同类型

The organisation majorly entered into contracts of two or three types. One of them is a simple traditional method of contracting which involves a general contractor for the scope of work who works with the architect and the designer, and has a lump-sum amount to the fees. Such a contract is often won by competitive bidding. Gordon (1994) asserts that such kind of traditional contracts has an advantage for the owner who is in-charge of the entire raw materials purchase, designer coordination, and price details before the construction begins, knowledge of the variability of price if any, and having control over the design. In simple terms it is a start to commissioning contract which enables the contractor to control the entire procedure of the construction. This contract type also gave much liberty to the contractor to choose the procurement procedures.

美国论文代写:合同类型

The procedures were more or less standard and were followed with known and reputed suppliers who had been providing materials since long, but there were discussions being held before each contract on price flexibility and predictive variability through the course of the construction period. However, to the owners dislike, such contracts often led to inaccurate time and cost estimates, due to the industry being affected by economic conditions. This is also being agreed by Odeh and Battaineh (2002) who states that such kind of incidents are more relevant in traditional contractors who are chosen due to lowest bidding. Though the inflation consideration is being factored in the contract, some uncontrollable factors often affect the pricing escalating the cost estimates. This attracts time delays for mid-construction negotiations due to fixation of new pricing and preventing excessive losses. Much against the wish of the owner, the contractor demands a price revision as a result of a clause being included in the original contract about necessary amendments in the price due to external market conditions.