标签存档: 硕士毕业论文代写

ps代写-可口可乐在澳大利亚的营销传播策略

ps代写-可口可乐在澳大利亚的营销传播策略。如果将重点放在可口可乐在澳大利亚的营销传播策略“Taste the Feeling”的营销活动上,可以看出这6个电视广告都是在澳大利亚的各个电视频道播出的(Kellaris & Machleit, 2016)。此外,“品味感觉”营销活动的主题曲是由一位冉冉升起的澳大利亚流行歌手康拉德·休厄尔演唱的。因此,下面通过考虑6个“Taste the Feeling”的电视广告,而不是单一的营销传播片段,来分析可口可乐在澳大利亚的营销传播策略的优劣。使用常见的人类情感来开发营销传播片是可口可乐的一种创造性策略,因为全世界的人都可以将他们的情感与广告情感联系起来(Madhavaram et al., 2016)。目标消费者:在“品味感觉”营销活动和相关的6个营销传播片段中,可口可乐没有优先考虑任何特定的消费者群体。

Objective: all 6 TV ads included in the “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign are developed through targeting specific human feelings and emotions which are common irrespective of geographic or demographic diversities. The basic aim of these marketing campaign and associated marketing communication pieces is to promote CocaCola as one global brand of beverage (Shen et al., 2016). Hence, consideration of common human feelings and emotions in the advertisements will be effective for the company to psychologically link all its potential customers in different nations across the world irrespective of their demographic, language and other factors of diversity (Bruhn et al., 2017).
Creativity of used strategy and tactics: Use of common human emotions for developing marketing communication pieces is a creative strategy of CocaCola because people around the world could emotionally relate their feelings with the advertisements (Madhavaram et al., 2016).
Targeted consumers: In “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign and associated 6 marketing communication pieces, CocaCola does not prioritise any specific consumer segment. As the advertisements are developed through targeting common human feelings and emotions, they largely cover almost every possible consumer segment (Finne et al., 2017). However, specific advertisements or market communication pieces target specific consumer segments, for example ‘brotherly love’ will mainly influence siblings who are closely attached with each others, ‘under pressure’ will mainly link itself with corporate professionals who go through regular hectic schedule of work, etc (Shen et al., 2016).
Market partitioning: The “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign and associated 6 marketing communication pieces or advertisements have been globally launched by CocaCola without making any variation. As the company is aimed at developing CocaCola as a single global brand, the complex process of market partitioning has not been prioritised (Madhavaram et al., 2016).
Negative Aspects
Although the “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign has been launched for establishing CocaCola as a single global brand, the theme of the marketing campaign has been sung by a newcomer Australian pop singer, Conrad Sewell (Kellaris & Machleit, 2016). However, Conrad Sewell may not have equal popularity in all European nations and in other Asian nations where CocaCola supplies its products. Hence, the effectiveness of the marketing communication pieces in “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign significantly gets dependent on the international popularity of Conrad Sewell (Finne et al., 2017).
It is not necessary for all human beings across the world to have similar emotions and feelings. Hence, there would be the risk for the advertisements in “Taste the Feeling” marketing campaign for being less effective or unattractive to many potential consumers (Madhavaram et al., 2016).

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essay代写-美国高等教育的科学技术发展

essay代写-美国高等教育的科学技术发展。在对发展的理解上,科学技术的迅速发展已经被理解为给美国社会带来了许多变化。科学理论已经发展成为支撑蓬勃发展的经济的力量,为计算机程序的生产、系统分析和宏观经济模型的开发提供了重要的保障(Masson et al., 2007;Bollier & Racine, 2005)。具有专业知识和技能的专家成为社会精英。在科学与经济快速发展的双重作用下,美国高等教育经历了快速扩张(Maffesoli, 1996)。

In the understanding of development, the rapid development of science and technology has been understood to have brought many changes for the American society. Scientific theories have developed into forces that support the booming economy, providing an important guarantee for production of computer programs, system analysis and development of macroeconomic model (Masson et al., 2007; Bollier & Racine, 2005). Experts having specialized knowledge and skills become the social elite. Under the double effects of science and the rapid development of economy, the higher education in the United States experienced the rapid expansion (Maffesoli, 1996). When higher education becomes the basic requirements of the technology and information society, it means that elite hegemony is someway which takes up the higher end of management. Higher education becomes a necessary condition for coming into the community. Correspondingly, it means that people are divided into two categories, which are highly educated elite and the people not having the university education (Muggleton, 2000).

The Elite is useful for the society and they enjoy the superiority of society. However, the people without higher education are superfluous and who are excluded from the mainstream and on the verge of being ignored and humble position. The black is the majority of the people not college-educated and there are some white people who are also under poverty and are struggling in the edge of the society (Baptiste, 2012; Luvaas, 2013). They do not have the economic capacity to go to college. This situation further exacerbated the gap between rich and poor, so as to racial conflicts between black and white. Some critics worried that the US will eventually suffer a socio-economic divide because of the huge social gap between them (Kawamura, 2012). It was a fact in such a situation that the United States had a vast majority of these marginalized people. It was in this marginalized population that street styles in fashion came to be. These changes planted the seeds for a variety of social movements in fashion. Many fashion trends were developed on the marginalized sect, the convenience and necessity of dressing a certain way came to be followed as a trend soon. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the social environment provided the necessary conditions for the outbreak of cultural movement (Esposito, 2011; Bruce, and Daly, 2006).

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美国教育学论文代写-企业家常见的问题

美国教育学论文代写-企业家常见的问题。企业家也有一个共同的问题,那就是复制别人的想法,然后稍加扭曲,再将其转化为自己的想法。这是由于缺乏潜在的投资者和缺乏一个基础设施,两个实体可以连接和网络的业务风险。还有一个问题是,他们没有做好充分的准备,这使得他们失去了潜在的投资机会,尽管这个想法绝对是非凡的,而且投资者相信他们的投资和这个想法成功的可能性。

Entrepreneurs are the ones who conceive an idea and start to believe that it is the most original idea, whereas all ideas have some kind of influence from external factors and the associating industries which dilute the purity of the idea. When entrepreneurs start to believe the idea to be their original and develop rigid trust of deserving funding for the same, it becomes the most arrogant position which makes them repel probable investments that could have come their way. This is because the investors equally assess the entrepreneur’s attitude and capability to accept their faults as one of the most significant factor of their decision, as the people running the business are also to be equally assessed as much as the business idea. Clifford(2012) speaks about the entrepreneur’s problem of offering too much equity too soon because if the idea is very good and one third equity is offered in the first round, the second and subsequent round of fund raising will keep the entrepreneur with very little equity and thus less power to control the business and its decisions. This is recognised as a common mistake of entrepreneurs. One more problem is their ill-preparation of the pitch which makes them lose the potential investment, even though the idea is absolutely phenomenal and the investors are convinced about their investment and the probability of the idea becoming successful.

The most important and first problem faced by entrepreneurs’ is the lack of funding and confidence to get that funding. There is no scarcity of innovative business ideas which can revolutionise the market but the lack of funding for the same is lacking. In addition, lack of proper training to prepare for the pitch which makes the idea compelling, and the lack of access to such potential investors are common problems faced by entrepreneurs in many countries (Carsrud and Brännback, 2007).
Entrepreneurs also have a common problem of copying someone else’s idea and converting it into their own with a bit of twisting. This is due to lack of potential investors and the lack of an infrastructure where the two entities can connect and network for a business venture.

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ps代写-文化对全球语境下商业伦理的影响

ps代写-文化对全球语境下商业伦理的影响。文化对全球语境下的商业伦理有着重要的影响,它是决定企业所采用的实践是合乎道德的还是不道德的关键因素。在这篇文章中,我以美国和中国为例,探讨了不同地方的跨文化冲突。在其他文化中合乎道德的行为在美国并不被认为是相同的。此外,美国经理人和中国经理人看待事情的方式也存在巨大差异。这些例子说明了中美两国的跨文化差异,而不同文化所经历的伦理问题也不尽相同。然而,采取适当的步骤来处理跨文化伦理问题是至关重要的。要让一家全球性企业高效运作,处理道德问题的过程至关重要。发展领导能力、使雇用过程本地化和鼓励交流是一些关键的方法。

In the recent time, the trend of international business is rapidly adopted by corporations. The businesses tend to target global clientele instead of just confining themselves to national borders. Therefore, the borders appear to disappear and it has facilitated easy movement of people and goods across different nations (Armstrong and Sweeney, 2014). However, I believe that the rising movement of people and goods across borders has also raised new challenges to the global health. The international managers are now required to put appropriate attention on the problems such as ethics, economic development, and corporate social responsibility in the country, where the organization is operating (Armstrong and Sweeney, 2014). It is vital for the international businesses to follow several ethics when operating at a global level. As per Griffin and Pustay (2012), ethics are defined as the moral principles guiding a person’s behaviour. In the organizational context, ethics serve as a compass to direct how organizations should treat their stakeholders and conduct their business. There are many laws and regulations monitoring the behaviour and practices of the organizations at the global level (Griffin and Pustay, 2012). This essay aims at examining the significance of ethics and global business. To achieve this, the essay discusses the problems that are faced by multinational corporations when entering the foreign markets and how they are able to cope with those problems effectively.
Steps taken by the global businesses to cope with the challenges
Culture is considered as an important determinant of ethical attitude of business managers. The above sections of this essay have determined several challenges that international firms when entering a foreign market and also how there is a huge ethical complexity in the cross-cultural business context. It is vital for the global businesses to cope with these challenges to operate effectively in the international market. One strategy to cope with cross-cultural ethical issues is to understand the different cultures in the organization (Kohls and Buller, 2014). In case, the organization has a diverse workforce then understanding the cultures of different people and negotiating them in an appropriate way is crucial. However, multinational companies usually rely on localizing employment in the host countries to avoid such need to handle cross-cultural teams. Therefore, localization of HRM has emerged as an important phenomenon for international corporations. Another strategy to cope with the cross-cultural ethical issues is to encourage communication in the organization. Communication enables the individuals from different cultures to understand each others’ similarities and dissimilarities (Kohls and Buller, 2014). Another way, which can be employed in such situations, is the development of positive leadership. Businesses that operate under appropriate guidance are able to cope with the problems faster than those that do not. These are some of the responses to cope with the cross-cultural ethical issues.

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休斯顿论文代写-顾客学习理论

休斯顿论文代写-顾客学习理论。可以说顾客行为绝对是习得的行为。顾客学习和记忆什么对他们是好的,什么是坏的,他们选择相应的产品和服务(Solomon, 2014)。当体验好的时候,产品会被反复销售,但是当体验不好的时候,客户就不会购买了。然而,广告商也有可能使客户受到一定程度的影响,从而使客户了解到产品是好的,产品是重要的(Madzharov et al., 2015)。例如,苹果I-pad并不重要,因为市场上还有其他同类产品,但消费者已经了解到,这款产品有助于提升他们的品牌形象,因此,他们购买了价格高昂的产品。因此,本文所描述的学习理论可以理解顾客的习得行为方面。这些理论帮助我们了解顾客学习和行为过程的许多信息。

It is viewed that there might be a necessity of shaping at times for the purpose of teaching the customer the behaviour which is desired (Durante et al, 2016). It is further taken within account that it might not be possible to teach the behaviour which is desired to be performed directly by the consumer. For an instance, a customer might receive a product of good quality without any costs, herein the product will be regarded as the reward itself if the quality is good. The customer then purchases the same product along with the utilization of major discount coupon post which the customer buys the product at the full pricing without any discounts. Therefore, the approximations are reinforced of the behaviour that is desired. Another example of this instance can be gained through the introduction of cold drink. The soft drink of fruit flavour was introduced initially in Indonesia as the approximation of the desired behaviour (Madzharov et al., 2015). This was performed in order to make similar consumption to Coca Cola in order to develop a path for the success of the product. After the effective consumption of beverages similar to the desired behaviour product, the Coca Cola was launched.
How they influence learning in customers?
In order to understand the way in which learning is influenced by marketing within customers, it becomes essential to focus over the customer learning theories. Behaviour of learning and cognitive learning theories exists. Behaviour learning theories do not have process orientation, but focus over outputs and inputs that is stimuli to which one has an exposure and the behaviour resulting from the same . There are 2 key theories under the behavioural approach umbrella for discussion of learning inclusive of classical and instrumental. According to the theory of classical behaviour, it is suggested that when there is a closer link between 2 stimuli that result in producing a particular learning, then even when one of the stimuli is absent, it still results in producing similar behaviour.
The perspective of vicarious learning is also important in understanding the customer behaviour being a behaviour that is learnt. Within the vicarious learning, the notion is taken that it is not necessary which the customer undergoes the process of learning themselves; at times, the learning can be possible performed through observing the other individual’s consequences (Solomon, 2014). For an example, the stores that are actively focused on making a huge issue out of the shop lifters prosecutions. This is not primarily for the purpose of punishing the behaviour of the individual that are caught to stop their behaviour from repeating but it is rather performed proactively for deterring such behaviour in the other consumers before they can develop such behaviour. It is similar with the viewers which sympathize the actors within the advertisement that face results of positive nature through the utilization of the shown products (Durante et al, 2016). An example of this can be taken by the advertisement of Head ‘n’ Shoulders wherein a poor man is being rejected by the depicted women till the time his hair are treated for dandruff and cure of effective nature has been made is regarded as good example of vicarious learning.

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代写-经济不平等与心理健康之间的联系

代写-经济不平等与心理健康之间的联系。不平等与心理健康之间有着深刻的联系。贫富差距较大的国家患精神分裂症等疾病的风险较高。据观察,一个国家的基尼系数每增加0.2,每10万人中就会增加8例精神分裂症发病率。研究人员的研究表明,更高的不平等会导致资本和社会凝聚力的削弱。它还导致人们慢性压力的增加。因此,我们看到,经济不平等与生活在社会中的人们的健康和幸福有着深刻的关联。研究人员和经济学家的各种研究表明,一个国家或社会的经济不平等程度越高,健康和幸福之间的不平衡程度就越高。在经济不平等程度较高的社会和国家中,生活在该社会或国家的人民承受的压力、焦虑和疾病水平也较高。

People in such regions have shown signs of early illness because of mental stress and hence they tend to have a shorter lifespan as compared to people living in societies having a lower economic inequality. Where there is a high economic inequality in the society, it is observed that more people of that society are diagnosed with mental imbalance (Arrow et al., 2000).
The economic inequality of a society directly affects how the people of that society perceive their well-being. In countries where majority of the income share is held by the top 1% of the society, people tend to have a lower sense of personal well-being and health. Even in the United States of America, a similar economic inequality prevails in the society. Hence, people are prone to poor health and have a lower sense of personal health and well-being. Also, in some states of the United States where the economic inequality is lower, people live a longer and happier life (De Vogli et al., 2005)
There is lesser mental stress and people are more constructive and progressive by nature. The stress gap between the rich and the poor are constantly increasing with rising economic inequality. The lower the position of the American workers on the economic ladder, the more physical labour they would have to exhibit in their job. Such jobs will ultimately contribute to higher stress among the workers. This stress would be both mental stress as well as physical stress. This would also lead to more medical bills for these workers. It has been generally observed that workers that are in highly demanding jobs physically also tend to typically retire earlier. It is even before they can claim full Social Security benefits. This is because the American workers are not eligible to claim full retirement benefits before age 66. This results to a trend that demonstrates full economic inequality among the senior citizens. in the study, it has been proved that there is a deep correlation between economic inequality and health and well-being of a person. These correlations depict that it is an evil prevalent in the society and should be eradicated as quickly as possible to make this world a better place to live in (Heathcote et al., 2010).

These health outcomes that include everything from infant mortality to life expectancy and obesity are correlated to economic inequality within a given population. The greater the economic inequality prevalent in the society or the country we live in, the more prevalent are the health diseases. Scientists who study the health of populations and they are called epidemiologists. These epidemiologists have highlighted the fact that inequality doesn’t necessarily mean just poverty. Rather, poverty and poor health are interlinked and go hand-in-hand. According to various epidemiological researches, high levels of economic inequality are responsible for negatively affecting the health of the people of the society. This is primarily because inequality reduces social cohesion, as studied by the researchers. This ultimately lead to more fear, increased stress and insecurity for everyone. Health experts and economists have found out through various studies that people who live in poorer societies tend to have a shorter lifespan (Montague, 1996).

But researchers also highlight an additional factor in explaining the life expectancy and this factor is extremely crucial and cannot be ignored. The factor considered here is the level of inequality in a society. People tend to be happier and more contented with their lives in nations with lower levels of inequality and hence they tend to live longer. This has been measured and proved measured by the Gini coefficient, which serves as a standard global benchmark (Wilson & Daly, 1997).

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美国代写-会计概念表SAC4的框架模式

美国代写-会计概念表SAC4的框架模式。会计透明度是合法和合乎道德的报告做法的基石之一。会计实践必须减少错误信息和误导的机会和故意扭曲。当会计报告清楚时,账簿是干净的,组织仍然建立在道德实践的基础上。通过故意干预和隐瞒正确信息误导真实信息,一直是一个难以消除的恶意黑点。当风险越来越大,收益越来越高时,影响是巨大的。会计概念表4 (SAC4)的提出要求所有帐户管理员和所得税申报者遵守报告所有资产、负债、收入、支出、权益、确认收入和支出的概念框架,这些资产、负债、收入和支出已得到平淡或有些抵触的反应。负责任的组织没有遵守各自的规则。尽管政府采取措施和建议避免误导活动,情况还是恶化了。本文对SAC4由于企业的广泛游说而失败的说法进行了评论。剩下的最好工作应该是使现行做法合法化,抵制任何试图实施会计设置做法的公共部门。

Businesses never wanted to change or to embrace new standards, which would require them lose their inhibitions and become more transparent. That would simply mean losing the game and forcefully having to declare the information that would be otherwise held to evaluate personal gains. The very reason lobbying exists now is to suppress all motivation of establishing fairness in accounting practices, as accounts speaks more than actual work (Worret 2014, p. 34). Unfortunately, this practice of valuing a company solely on the basis of accounting remains and reflection is obsolete and out of focus. It misses the actual and real reason for the progress of a business, which are the passionate management and their transparent intention to become honest and benchmark new stage of integrity. The government is not exonerated from this situation, because it was the first to promote lobbying practice as a facilitator of addressing public interest and in the process fulfil private interest together. All laws were originally made for advancing larger public interests. Social equality matters more than individual gains. When the same laws are misused, they are to be squashed immediately. The squashing of the new accounting proposals of the government is prominent; therefore, the squashing of self-interest lobbying efforts should also take place. If governance is about social equality and pushing the economy towards conditions of equality and minimising income inequality, then lobbying which is about advancing self-interest and ignoring its primary intent of a wider society influence should be abandoned.
The distribution of justice is at the core when legislations meant for provisioning humanity with a better mode of living and the same legislations are misused or abused for gains otherwise. The suggestive mode of practice put forward by SAC4 framework is the alignment of Australian accounting standards with international standards. There are, however, no signs of substantive progress owing to the strength of the lobbying group and their ability to influence policies for their own economic well-being. Although Australian accounting is legislatively supported and regulated, companies still possess a choice to recognise as assets and liability (Henderson et al. 2014, p. 168). This availability of choice kills the intent of uniformity the SAC4 seeks. When companies are given choices about their freedom and flexibility in choosing the areas of assets, liability, expenses, revenues, debt, etc., the inclination to choose what safeguards the companies’ interests would be high. Thus, the laws governing accounting standards contradict with the laws governing shareholder protection. This unfolds the flaws in the Australian legal frameworks and the constitution itself. Proper information about laws which precedes others and their applicability in cases where ethical dilemma arises is an essential part of reforms.

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美国代写论文-阻碍公司进步的问题分析

三个商业单位作为一个单一实体在一个较大的政府内运作。在这个模式中,部门中有三个团队的合并。这三个部门过去是独立的团队。合并的三个小组是设施管理、购置和运输事务。现有员工30余人,其中45人,22人。组成胖队的新团队。这些部门参与了许多与组织目标和远景相关的重要活动的合并。无论何时观察到一个变化,都预期会出现一定程度的冲突。员工被发现以不同的方式适应变化。出现了冲突的增加和一定程度的抵抗。由于在执行这些变化时可能遇到的问题,人民一般都习惯于遵守现有的议定书。企业必须预测出一定程度的阻力,并据此制定计划。在美国代写论文-阻碍公司进步的问题分析中,我们做了一个系统的流程来防止这些问题阻碍公司的进步。

Stringent rules and regulations are causing the company to face a general leadership and motivation issues. The company seems to adopt a uniform approach in addressing the requirements of the company. A lack of communication is observed between the team members based on the fundamental issues of leadership. Lack of motivation is observed for the people to move forward with the different tasks. The culture of the company is that the people are under constant pressure from the upper management to meet all the demands of the company. The leadership, motivation and the group dynamics are based on pressure and fear from the stakeholders (Eccles and Wigfield, 2002). The company should change these fundamental issues and bring in a cultural shift in the agenda of the people. To address the issues of the company, certain issues and the innate struggles of the employees need to be identified.
Three people are discussed in this issue analysis. These three people are the euphemism to the major issues that are pervading the company. By addressing the requirements of these three people, the company can develop a robust working atmosphere.
Dave is the manager who is accused of being biased towards certain people. These invariably cause the lack in credibility of the leadership processes (Harris and Sherblom, 2005). These implications that the manager tends to overload themselves with work and not work in cohesion with the other members of the team will affect the productivity. The company must address maintaining the level of motivation in order to meet the demands of the company. Another manager Alana is alluded to have positive leadership behaviours. A focus and specifics are developed by Alana. However, accusation of micromanagement and biased views are evident. Peter is the Supervisor for the transport services. He is overworked and extremely stressed. An overt passion is observed in Peter and this aggressive leadership style has caused his team members to tip toe around him. This causes an increase in the issues of leadership.
In general, in a leadership, the people expect the leaders to be committed towards the work. They want a leader like Alana who is dedicated towards the result. They expect a level of participation. This does not mean the leader must micro manage all the issues and the operational processes (Paulus and Yang, 2000). The company must find ways to be more transparency. A certain level of integrity is expected by people during the operational procedure. The actions such as the action of Dave of being biased can lead to a general lack of motivation (Cooper and Jayatilaka, 2006). In the cases of lack of departmental leadership, an inhibition is observed of the development of synergy. The role of the effective managers is to coordinate tasks and bring in results that are beneficial for all the stakeholders involved in the process. The employees essentially be aligned with the shared goals of the company. In the case of poor management, a fragmentation of the roles is required.

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亚特兰大论文代写-航空公司的波特五力模型

英国航空公司(BA)是全球经营超过183个目的地的顶级航空公司之一。英国航空公司成立于1974年3月31日,是世界上最古老的航空公司之一。拥有273个机队,是英国最大的航空公司。就航空公司而言,它是英国第二大航空公司,仅次于易捷航空(easyJet)。2016年英国航空公司的总收入为114.43亿英镑,是英国盈利最好的公司之一(BritishAirways, 2017)。Michael E. Porter确定并分类了一个行业的五种竞争力,这些竞争力可以帮助一个行业确定其弱点或优势以及改进的领域。这些力被称为波特的5力模型(Investopedia, 2017)。接下来有关亚特兰大论文代写-航空公司的波特五力模型分析如下:

1. Competition in the industry: In the long haul, most of the airlines have similar prize structure for economy and premium class. There is an intense competition in domestic market because of cost leadership and services at a lower prize (Statista, 2017). (Appendices 1)
2. Potential of new entrants into the industry: With the expansion of many Asian countries in the Aviation industry, there is a huge competition not only in the internal market but also in domestic market. Emirates and Air Asia etc. are potential service provider due to their high demand in international market.
3. Power of suppliers: BA is highly dependent on other companies for obtaining Boeing, Airbuses, Fuel and Catering. As these are the essential and elementary need in the aviation industry, hence they always have a cost advantage and a high bargaining power.
4. Power of customers: More than 50% of total revenue earned by BA is within the domestic market. EasyJet and Ryan airways give a tough competition in these domestic markets because of cost advantages. In the international market, BA has a better cost advantage being an international player.
5. Threat of substitute products: For the short haul, there is huge competition from Bus services, rented cars or even Railways. For travelling overseas, there is no mean of travel, hence investment in international flights is always a good choice. As there is a tough competition from Euro Rails, hence BA needs to cut down its cost in domestic market and improve its services.

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代写essay-有关女性歧视的玻璃天花板概念

玻璃天花板是组织实践的一个指定名称,其中包括在特定职位和晋升上故意歧视女性。它变得如此微妙,以至于尽管遭到公开拒绝,它仍然非常活跃。自20世纪60年代以来,女性一直是劳动力的一部分。在许多情况下,他们作出了同样甚至更多的贡献,但他们仍然得不到应有的地位。早期存在的玻璃天花板形式是合法的,因为传统价值观反对立即将全职妇女转变为全职工人。男权社会允许公开的歧视,但在公开的鄙视之后又以不同的形式出现。第二代性别歧视是指在工作中对女性的一种创新的歧视方式,这种方式已经得到了广泛的发展,并对“玻璃天花板”的持续存在产生了影响。虽然在全球范围内,玻璃天花板堕胎的意识已经超出了人们的认知范围,但代写essay-有关女性歧视的玻璃天花板概念已经成为一个更加隐蔽的概念,它可以保持沉默,按照社会结构的父权规则行事。

Glass ceiling had been predominant in its open use in organisations where male dominance is seen as a common denominator since societal values requires men to earn the bread and women to look after the house and children (Davidson and Burke, 2005). These notions changed during the 1960s industrial revolution when women were keenly seen as an important contributor. There was a general need of expanding production with more workers. This encouraged women to start working full time and earn extra money for the household. Requirement for women workers kept growing. They started to compete with men at workplace. Some women even surpassed men’s abilities and skills (Bloch, 2003). Organisations, initially, openly discriminated against women since they were seen a temporary replacement for a permanent employment. Hence, they were always less favoured in most activities in which they were fully eligible. Sophisticated work practices grew and realisation of glass ceiling kept growing as more and more women started to experience workplace discrimination (Broadbridge, 2006). The awareness was for real and grew into a force, which was also supported by the changes in laws that rejected any kind of discrimination. The first generation bias that allowed open discrimination against women had to take a backseat and consider revitalising itself into a more sophisticated model where the glass ceiling would continue to exist but its perception would be invisible.
Cotter et al. (2001) says that the existence of glass ceiling at higher levels was more than at the lower levels of organisational hierarchy. They stress upon the ceiling’s existence in more importance roles where women are often subtly denied the roles of management of executive officers. They are specific about the existence and thriving of glass ceiling by the way job-relevant characteristics are not able to define gender or racial difference. This indicates the subtle nature of glass ceiling. The reasons remain embedded in the patriarchal mind set at workplace and the inability of opening up to the realisation of the discrimination. Ibarra, Ely and Kolb (2013) assert the existence of residual glass ceilings. They are invisible in nature and perception but dominant in their spheres of action. This leads to the invincibility of glass ceiling, because it is practiced in a way which makes it look natural and inevitable rather than intentional and self-interested.
Glass ceiling have had massive resistance since decades because the growth of women had always been stalled after a particular position, beyond which they are deliberately denied promotion, success, important project roles and management roles (Northouse, 2013). In current roles of organisational occupation, almost 75% of men make more pay than women, which indicates the lack of organisational responsibility toward the laws that require them to uphold equality in pay and avoid all kinds of discrimination (Lanier, 2006). Many women have agreed that the environment which, looks great for work and neutral for all gender makes them feel less involved when important projects are executed (Boeri, Del Boca and Pissarides, 2005; Cohn, 2000). Management decides the allocation of roles quite easily on merit. Men are more assertive in their conduct and are accepted as natural be promoted to these roles of importance and accept higher pay. The barrier for women at work is for real. It is impenetrable and imperceptible at times and it is a serious issue for women and the organisations adherence to equality laws across the workplace domain (Glass Ceiling Commission – Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation’s Human Capital, 1995).

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