伊利诺伊大学论文代写：评价诺基亚与微软的合并
伊利诺伊大学论文代写：评价诺基亚与微软的合并
规模经济
规模经济可分为五个不同的群体根据他们的来源。批量折扣,更高的效率在高资本设备,传播的固定成本,专业化和多样化。小公司有小输出将不会受益于投资昂贵的设备降低边际成本。这是因为资本成本的增加他们的原因是他们产生的益处相比太高了(伯杰和汉弗莱,1994)。
规模经济的研究在过去的三个问题。这三个问题是在最近的规模经济研究的修正。第一种是使用更灵活的功能形式可以使U型平均成本曲线。二是扩大样本范围以包括大银行（以10亿美元资产的银行）。第三是要找出规模经济而不是决定他们在平均水平的银行分支机构的水平（伯杰和汉弗莱，1994）。
纵向一体化的经济体
纵向一体化发生的费用是由于价格机制的替代计划了。控制垂直扩展意味着市场力量的收购时的市场主要竞争（考林等人，1980）。垂直整合，降低价格，从而增加利润的垄断（马克卢普和泰伯，1960）。
此外，垂直整合也有助于获得超过其竞争对手的竞争优势的实体。因此，它作为一种有效的进入壁垒的新进入者，因为他们无法工作的效率，为现有企业的低成本战略（sudarsanam，2008）。
伊利诺伊大学论文代写：评价诺基亚与微软的合并
Economies of Scale
Economies of scale can be classified in to five different groups based on their sources. They are bulk discounts, higher efficiency in high capital equipment, spreading of fixed costs, specialization and earning diversification. Small firms which have small output will not benefit from investing in expensive equipment to reduce marginal costs. This is because the increase in capital costs they cause is way too high compared to the benefits they yield (Berger and Humphrey, 1994).
The scale economy studies had three problems in the past. These three problems are corrected in the recent scale economy studies. The first isusing a more flexible functional form which can result a U-shaped average cost curve. The second is expanding the scope of data samples so as to include larger banks (banks with $1billion in assets). The third is to find out the scale economies at the level of banking firm instead of determining them at the level of average branch office (Berger and Humphrey, 1994).
Economies of Vertical Integration
Vertical integration occurs when the costs are dropped for the price mechanism due to substitute planning. Vertical extension of control implies the acquisition of market power when the market is primarily competitive (Cowling and et al., 1980). Vertical integration reduces the prices and thus increases the profits for the successful monopolies (Machlup and Taber, 1960).
Furthermore, vertical integration also helps the entities to gain competitive advantage over their competitors. Thus it works as an effective entry barrier for the new entrants since they cannot work as efficiently as the existing firms at low-cost strategies (Sudarsanam, 2008).
