论文代写：文化人类学概论
论文代写：文化人类学概论
文化人类学背景
文化人类学是一门科学研究专注于研究和分析世界各地人们之间的文化差异。相反社会人类学认为文化多样性的一部分人类学常数。
文化人类学田野调查方法包括参与观察、人种学、跨文化比较和多站点民族志。
文化人类学的理论基础是基于文化相对主义。这是一个理论,弗朗茨·博厄斯于1887年成立。他说,“文明不是绝对而是相对的”;他州进一步“我们的想法和信念是正确的事实就我们的文明而言”。
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文化相对主义涉及到特定的认识论和方法论的说法。这些说法是否需要特定的道德立场是一个有争议的问题。这一原则不应与道德相对主义相混淆。(弗朗兹·博厄斯,1963)将文化定义为“整体的心理和生理反应和活动描述个人的行为构成一个社会团体集体和单独与他们的自然环境,其他团体,成员组织本身,和每个自己。”
人类学的研究被认为是整个人类的条件,因此它是全面的。整体论的观点,所有的属性的一个给定的系统物理、生物和其他因素不能单独评估的基本部分。相反,整个系统决定了一个重要的方法来决定如何基本部分的行为。整体人类学比较来自不同地区的人口和时段的数据,从而评估和制定的信念。
论文代写：文化人类学概论
Cultural anthropology –Background
Cultural anthropology is a scientific study focusing on the study and analysis of cultural variation among people across the world. On the contrary social anthropology perceives cultural diversities as a part of the anthropological constant.
Cultural Anthropology methodology in fieldwork includes Participant observation, Ethnography, Cross-cultural comparison and Multi-sited ethnography.
The theoretical foundation of cultural anthropology is based on cultural relativism. It is a theory that was established by Franz Boas in 1887. He stated that “civilization is not absolute but is relative”; he states further “our ideas and beliefs are correct fact as far as our civilization goes”.
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Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims. Whether or not these claims require a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate. This principle should not be confused with moral relativism. (Franz Boas ,1963) defines culture as “the totality of the mental and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of the individuals composing a social group collectively and individually in relation to their natural environment, to other groups, to members of the group itself, and of each individual to himself.”
Anthropology is considered to be the study of whole human conditions hence it is holistic. Holism is the concept where all the attributes of a given system which might be physical, biological, and other factors cannot be evaluated by its elementary parts alone. Instead, the whole system determines an important way to decide how the elementary parts behave. Holistic anthropology compares data from different areas of populations and time periods, thus evaluating and formulating the beliefs.
