美国代写论文：股份回购
美国代写论文：股份回购
传统上，兼并和收购被认为是重组组织的方式。
•兼并和收购包括企业间出售和分拆。此外，还包括管理层买入，管理层收购和杠杆收购。所有提到的重组形式都是为了增加股东的财富。
其他形式的重组包括裁员，外包和关闭。管理激励机制也被用来重组企业，它是基于股票期权。
基于股份回购的金融工程和以权益替代债务也是重组组织的一种方式。
美国代写论文：股份回购
在所有提到的重组方式中，并购在过去几年中变得越来越流行（Ahmadjian等，2005）。从1976年到1995年，整个商业和工业部门的并购花费总额达2410亿英镑。同样，这些公司花在工厂和机器上的花费是4.81亿英镑（Haggard等人，2003年） 。
所以可以说，卡特彼勒组建的新车型以利润为中心。就经济视角理论而言，重组后的卡特彼勒新模式依然非常成功（Boone等，2003）。由于1992年的利润损失达24亿美元，该公司在1993年报告了实际利润。在2004年，公司的利润达到了20亿美元，被视为重组计划的成功。
美国代写论文：股份回购
Traditionally mergers and acquisitions are perceived to be the ways of restructuring an organization.
Mergers and acquisitions include inter corporate sell offs and spin offs. Moreover, it also includes management buy-ins, management buy-outs and leveraged buy-outs. All of the mentioned forms of restructuring are used with an aim to enhance shareholders wealth.
Other forms of restructuring include downsizing, outsourcing, and closures. Management incentives schemes are also used to restructure the firm and it is based on the share options.
Financial engineering based on share buy-backs and substitution of debt with equity is also a way to restructure the organization.
美国代写论文：股份回购
Among all the mentioned ways of restructuring, mergers and acquisitions have become more popular in the last few years (Ahmadjian, et al., 2005). The cumulative value which was spent on mergers and acquisition by overall commercial and industrial sector amounts to £241 billion from the year 1976 to 1995. Similarly £481 million was spent by the companies on plant and machinery (Haggard, et al., 2003).
So it can be said that new model which was formed by Caterpillar had a profit centered focus. As far as economic perspective theory is concerned then it be said that the new model of Caterpillar which was developed after restructuring has remained very successful (Boone, et al., 2003). On the basis of fact that a great loss of profit amounting to $2.4 billion in the year 1992, the firm managed to report a positive profit in the year 1993. In the year 2004 the profits of the firm amounted to $2 billion worth which can be taken as a success of its restructuring programs.
