essay代写：卡尔多希克斯准则
essay代写：卡尔多希克斯准则。卡尔多·希克斯标准指出，重新分配资源的方式是，那些因政策决定或执法影响而受益的人，可以假设地补偿那些因政策决定或执法影响而受益的人，换句话说，总净收益可以超过总净损失。当一项法律被执行，累积收益超过累积损失时，可以说Kaldor Hicks准则不适用。这是因为，无论是在现实中还是在假设中，受益方都可以将自己分享的利益转移给因法律而遭受损失的一方。接下来essay代写专家将为同学们讲解下卡尔多希克斯准则。
如果Kaldor Hicks改进的应用增强了主体之间共享利益的平衡，那么可以说该法则提高了其帕累托效率，更接近于满足帕累托效率标准。帕累托效率是指资源的重新分配不可能使一个人过得更好而不使另一个人过得更差。因此，当法律或政策的执行达到一种状态，在这种状态下，资源的进一步分配或再分配不可能在富人和穷人之间平衡分配的好处，就不可能应用卡尔多/希克斯标准。这是因为法律的预期利益和资源得到了公正的分配，因此富人和穷人都拥有享受法律利益的平等权利。这也表明该法律已经达到帕累托效率标准。
卡尔多希克斯准则是由帕累托效率所设定的严格条件的先驱。Kaldor Hicks标准要求资源有从较好状态转移到较差状态的可能性，当不需要这种资源重新配置时，就达到帕累托效率。帕累托效率建立了严格的标准,相当于资源分配是主要的唯一标准,但在Kaldor希克斯的理论,有可能不平衡的资源分配和标准是只有当遇到更好能够转移资源的好处更糟。帕累托效率要求一种资源公平分配的状态，而卡尔多•希克斯要求一种资源从盈余持有向不足持有转移的可能性。将卡尔多·希克斯效率标准应用于路易斯安那州的法律，其中包括警察、消防员和护理人员，他们受到仇恨犯罪的保护范围内，可以肯定的是，权力的平衡是不存在的。例如，法律的引入使国家对仇恨犯罪无法容忍，但恰恰相反，它不是给了执法人员额外的司法权力吗?当被压迫者没有更多的武器来捍卫来自强权的非理性压迫时，它甚至是道德倾向吗?在这种情况下，现有法律已经生效，其中包括加强对那些对包括政府官员在内的和平官员进行仇恨犯罪的人的惩罚。真的没有必要扩大和修改同一项法律，把警察、消防员和护理人员纳入其范围。这一修正案是否有意增加对黑人社区的残酷压迫，因为他们一直被白人大众忽视?显然，对法律的解释会得出这样的结论。
If the application of Kaldor Hicks improvement leads an enhanced balance of the shared benefits among the subjects, then it could be said that the law has raised its Pareto efficiency and it is closer to satisfy the Pareto efficiency criteria. Pareto efficiency is a condition in which the reallocation of resources is impossible to make one person better off without making other individual worse off. Thus, when a law or policy enforcement reaches a state from where no further allocation or redistribution of resources is possible to balance the benefits of the allocation between the better off and the worse off, application of Kaldor/ Hicks criterion remains impossible. This is because the intended benefits and resources of the law have been justly distributed such that the better off and the worse off are holding equal rights to the benefits of the law. This also indicates that the law has reached its Pareto efficiency criterion.
The Kaldor Hicks criterion is a precursor for the stringent conditions set by Pareto efficiency. The Kaldor Hicks criterion requires a possibility of transferring the resources from the better off to the worse off, and Pareto efficiency is reached when there is no need of such reallocation of resources. Pareto efficiency has set up stringent standards in which equivalent distribution of resources is the primary and the only criterion, but in Kaldor Hicks theory, there is a possibility of an imbalance in the distribution of resources and the criterion is met only when the better off are able to transfer the benefits of resources to the worse off. Pareto efficiency requires a state of equitable resource distribution, and Kaldor Hicks requires a possibility of transfer of resources from the surplus-holding to the deficient. Applying the Kaldor Hicks efficiency criterion to the Louisiana law that included police officers, fire fighters and paramedics under the ambit of protection from hate crime committed against them, it is certain that there is absence of a balance of power. For example, the law has been introduced to make the state intolerable towards hate crime, but on the contrary does not it give extra judicial powers to the law enforcers? Is it even morally inclined when the oppressed have no further weapon to defend irrational oppression from the powerful? In this case, existing laws were already in force that contained enhanced punishment to those who indulged in hate crime towards officers of peace, which included government officers. There really was no need to expand and amend the same law to introduce police officers, fire fighters and paramedics into its ambit. Is this amendment purposefully introduced to increase atrocious outcomes of oppression towards the black community, who have always been ignored by the white populace? Apparently, the interpretation of the law leads to such a conclusion.
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