美国论文抄袭比对系统介绍

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美国论文抄袭比对系统介绍

留学期间，对于很多学生来说，最大的难关可能就是写论文了。然而，我们都知道美国大学对于学生的学术诚信问题要求是非常严格的。如果学生因为考试作弊或者美国论文抄袭被发现，将面临严厉的处分。因此，提醒所有留学生在留学期间一定要遵守学术诚信。

不要以为出了国就高枕无忧，很多同学因为抄袭和作弊课程作业被记为零分、挂科，更为严重的就是被学校停学甚至是开除。留学生如果有了学术不诚信的问题，被学校停学或者开除后，学生会直接面临留学身份被终止的问题。就算没有被开除，在成绩单中有了不良的记录也会影响学生之后学业和就业发展。

留学生需要下功夫学习英文的学术写作要求，熟悉一些常用的格式。比如：APA、MLA和芝加哥格式等。不同的论文格式中对直接引用、间接引用和参考材料的标注要求都不一样。而学生如果没有按照恰当的格式标明了自己引用的内容，就很容易被判定是论文抄袭。除了在写作的时候严格遵守格式的要求，学生还可以在写作过程中利用查重系统帮助自己提前发现问题。

留学生常用的英语论文查重系统有：Paperfree,Papertime和Turnitin。其中Turnitin是众多美国大学都会采用的查重系统，也是大部分留学生使用的系统。今天，我们就具体来介绍一下这个系统怎么使用。首先来说，Turnitin是美国的一家公司从2005年开始研发的反抄袭论文查重系统。因为这个系统对比的文献库全面，而且能识别绝大部分国家的语言，查重的方法非常科学而准确，这个系统在全世界范围内都被广泛使用。

Turnitin分为国际版本和英国版本两个。主要是考虑到了美式英语和英式英语的不同，分别使用了两个不一样的数据库。美国留学生使用国际版本即可。很多学校的教授也都是使用Turnitin来给学生提交的作业查重的。在此建议学生先通过Turnitin给自己的论文查重，修改之后再提交，就不用担心自己的论文有抄袭的嫌疑啦。

学生注册账号上传文章后会受到一份查重报告，叫做Turnitin Originality Report。上面会显示你的文章重复率，每一个重复的内容来源。总体的重复率叫做：Similarity Index。其他的重复来源可能有：互联网来源、出版书籍、其他出版物和学生的论文。因为很多学校会购买这个系统，用学校账号查重后，学生的论文会被收录到系统的数据库中。而重复的地方，报告中也会给出链接。学生可以查看原来的内容，如果是引用了未标注的来源，可以添加来源。如果是句子或者段落与其他内容有重复，那么就需要修改内容。

因为美国论文抄袭的后果很严重，所以以上内容是美国高阶论文AdvancedThesis教育网整理的查询系统介绍，方便同学们自己查询，以免不小心被判抄袭。另外，如果同学们有需要论文代写和修改的，也可以找我们网站。我们的价格公道，写作质量也好，而且保密性高，绝不会吐露客户资料，同学们可以放心下单。

論文 代寫：觀音畫像的解讀

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論文 代寫：觀音畫像的解讀
這幅藝術作品也被發現描繪觀音，意思是一個開悟的存在，傳播開悟，無論他走到哪裡。他經常因為內心的同情而受到崇拜。這種姿態有著深刻的含義。一方面，它顯示了一個人高貴的從容。另一方面顯示了觀音所做的啟示。這裡的啟示是關於善良和同情，可以服務於千軍萬馬，也可以結束周圍的痛苦。這就傳播了圓滿的喜悅，也賦予人們一種謙卑的思想，儘管他們獲得了更高的成就。菩薩以光明的本性和完美的耐心而聞名。閉上的眼睛清楚地表明內心的耐心。只有當一個人理解並遵循所有的美德時，才能達到冥想的專注。靈性在生活中很重要，但每個人都必須理解靈性的本質，這個姿勢的意思是一樣的。從這個雕塑所感知到的年齡可以看出情感的成熟。佛教作為一種宗教，在和平與幸福的概念上展開了它的翅膀。然而，眾所周知，菩薩的遺產流傳至今，因為他們完全採用美德，並給予他們更大的意義。這個雕塑之所以有它的意義，不是因為它是菩薩的一種形式，而是因為它的歷史背景和所傳達的信息。

論文 代寫：觀音畫像的解讀

The art work is also found to depict Guanyin which means an enlightened being that spreads enlightenment wherever he goes. He is often worshipped for the compassion in him. There is a profound meaning in this posture. While on one hand, it shows the royal ease of the person. The other hand shows the enlightenment that Guanyin does (Gyatso). The enlightenment here is on kindness and compassion that can serve thousand arms and also end the sufferings around. This spreads the joy of fulfillment and also bestows people with the thought of humbleness despite the higher attainment. Bodhisattva is known for the luminous nature and the perfection in patience. The closed eyes clearly denote the patience within. It is hard to achieve meditative concentration and that is feasible only when a person understands and follows all the virtues. Spirituality is important in life but it is essential for every person to understand the essence of spirituality and this pose means the same. The emotional maturity is visible from the age perceived from this sculpture. Buddhism, as a religion, has spread its wings on the concept of peace and happiness. However, Bodhisattvas are known to have their legacies spreading till date because of the reason that they completely adopt virtues and give greater significance to them. This sculpture again has its significance not because it is a form of Bodhisattva but because of the background history and the message through it.

哪裡有代寫碩士論文：彈性的定義

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哪裡有代寫碩士論文：彈性的定義
彈性被定義為任何系統適應變化並以一致的方式繼續發展的能力。因此，它是任何事物為了利用包括金融危機或氣候變化在內的衝擊和擾動，以幫助發展創新思維而擁有的實際能力(Houston, 2013)。社會生態彈性是指個體或生態系統應對外部壓力和乾擾的能力(Graham, 2015)。這種干擾是由於社會或環境的變化。自然災害導致了環境的變化。對於那些一切都依賴環境的群體或社區來說，社會和生態恢復力之間有著明顯的聯繫。因此，可以認為，為了描述一些群體的社會和經濟狀況，彈性是非常有用的特徵(Heynen et al.， 2000)。
人類的看法也對社會經濟的複原力產生影響。人類認為環境是可以輕易改變的，是不可預測的。格陵蘭冰原的融化是社會生態思維和人類感知的一個例子，目前格陵蘭冰原的融化已經接近臨界點。當地球變暖時，就會有冰的融化(Hoffman & Haxby, 2000)。這使得土地暴露在陽光下後會留下越來越多的水。這些表面進一步吸收了太陽的大部分熱量。這可以進一步導致過程，這是自我強制的，因為在加速融化的雪和冰(米勒，2010)。人們擔心冰蓋可能會超過海平面。

哪裡有代寫碩士論文：彈性的定義

Resilience is defined as the capacity of any system to live up to the change and continue to have a development in a consistent manner. Thus it is the actual capacity which is possessed by anything for the purpose of using the shocks and the disturbance which include a financial crises or changes in the climate in order to helps in the development of the innovative thinking (Houston, 2013). Socio ecological resilience is determined as the capacity which the individual or the ecology has in order to cope up with the external stress and the disturbance (Graham, 2015). This disturbance is because of the social or environmental change. The environmental change is there because of the natural disasters. There is a clear link between the social and the ecological resilience for those groups or the communities who is dependent on the environment for everything. Thus it can be considered that the resilience is the very useful characteristic for the purpose of giving the description related to the social and economic situation of some of the groups (Heynen et al., 2000).
The human perceptions also have an impact on the socio-economic resilience. The humans have the perception that the environment can be changed easily and it is unpredictable. One of the examples of the socio ecological thinking and the human perception is melting of the Greenland ice sheet which has been approaching the threshold at present. When the planet warms, there is the melting of the ice (Hoffman & Haxby, 2000). This leaves more and more water after exposing of the land to the sun. These kinds of surface further absorbs most of the heat of the sun. This can further lead to the process which is self-enforced because of the acceleration in the melting of the snow and the ice (Miller, 2010). There are fears that the icecaps can move ahead of the sea level.

免費 論文 翻譯：義務論

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免費 論文 翻譯：義務論
道德倫理要求註冊護士檢查所做的決定是對還是錯。作為衛生保健機構的註冊護士，有必要展示高道德標準(Henningfeld, 2011)。這裡的道德標準需要知情同意，遵守規則，與患者討論，但這些都沒有執行，註冊護士違反了規則，決定將Elsie送往醫院，這實際上惡化了她的健康狀況(Kamp, 2012)。在護理人員的案例中，義務論對所涉及的行為道德提出了質疑。護士一叫來救護車，立即把她送到醫院，醫護人員就出現了。儘管有一名患者要求醫護人員改變決定，但醫護人員表現出道德水平低下的情況下，他們最不願意去了解患者的情況(Kamp, 2012)。最終，醫護人員沒有遵守規定，並對她的死亡負責。這種攻擊行為在衛生保健專業人員是真正禁止和不值得讚賞的。患者的尊嚴可以與自由意志主義理論相聯繫，該理論認為患者擁有完全自主決策和個人判斷的權利(Vallentyne, 2011)。只有當患者自願與團隊合作時，才能進行進一步的治療。這也意味著病人有選擇是否接受進一步治療的自由。適用於病人的美德包括正義、責任、和平、容忍和合作。

免費 論文 翻譯：義務論

Virtue ethics demands the RN to check whether the decision taken is right or wrong. As a RN of a health care facility, it is essential to display high moral standards (Henningfeld, 2011). The moral standards here subject to informed consent, adherence to rule, discussion with the patient, but none of these were performed and the RN has breached the rule and decided to transport Elsie to hospital which actually worsened her health condition (Kamp, 2012). In the case of paramedics, the deontology theory comes into picture where it questions on the morality of action involved. The paramedics had come into picture as soon as RN had called the ambulance to immediately transfer her to the hospital. In spite of a patient requesting the paramedics with a change in decision, paramedics showed poor morality are least bothered to understand what the patient is put into (Kamp, 2012). Eventually, it is the paramedics who did not abide by the rule and is responsible for her loss. This act of assault in a health care professional is truly prohibited and not appreciable.The dignity of the patient can be associated with the theory of libertarianism which states that the patient has complete right to take autonomous decisions and individual judgment (Vallentyne, 2011). Further treatment should happen only when the patient voluntarily associates with the team. This also pronounces freedom of choice of the patient whether or not to be treated further. The virtues that are applicable for the patient include justice, responsibility, peace, tolerance and cooperation.

数学代写：澳大利亚政法的改革

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数学代写：澳大利亚政法的改革

主要的变化是由工党政府带来的，标志着澳大利亚和亚洲国家关系进入了一个新时代。这些改革是由于这些国家的政府所作的与政策有关的改变。1972年至1975年期间在澳大利亚的政府实际上采取了有助于打破保守派控制的措施，这种控制是前几届政府为了在这些国家之间进行成功的贸易而建立的(McGillivray et al . 1997, 59)。继工党之后的自由党国家党联合政府与上世纪五六十年代的自由党大不相同。政府改变政策的主要原因是日本经济实力的增长，以及新加坡、台湾和韩国等国家的经济增长放缓，但非常显著。
这是澳大利亚政府被迫越来越多地关注亚洲的主要原因(Garbutcheon 1995, 599)。为了增加与亚洲国家的贸易，澳大利亚的政府还实施了其他一些改革。在各党派组成联盟之后，这种与澳大利亚的接触继续下去，这导致了1975年以后澳大利亚政府的成立。政府实施的一项改革是由马尔科姆·弗雷泽总理实施的，他与日本首相大平生一起成立了太平洋经济合作委员会。另一项有助于加强澳大利亚和亚洲国家之间关系的政府政策是弗雷泽政府执行的外交政策(Meaney 1980, 171)。这项政策的主要重点是更加重视与发展和经济公平有关的问题。

数学代写：澳大利亚政法的改革

The major change had been brought by the Whirlam Labor Government which marked the beginning of a new era in the relationship between the Australian and Asian nations. These reforms were as a result of the policy related changes which were made by the government of these nations. The government that was in Australia during the era of 1972-1975 actually took the measures which helped in the breaking of the conservative grip, which had been established by the previous governments in order to do the successful trade between these nations (McGillivray et al 1997, 59). The liberal country party coalition government that had succeeded the Whirlam Labor party was quite different from the liberal parties which had been there during the time period of 1950s and 1960s. The primary reason why the government made the changes in their policies was the growth of the economic power of Japan and a slower but a very remarkable growth in the nations such as Singapore, Taiwan and Korea.
This was the primary reason why the Australian government was forced to pay more and more attention towards Asia (Garbutcheon 1995, 599). There were a number of other reforms which had been implemented by the government of Australia in order to increase in the trade with the Asian Nations. This engagement with Australia further continued when there was the formation of the coalition of the parties which led to the formation of the Australian government after 1975. One of the reforms which had been implemented by the government was implemented by the Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser who led to the foundation of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council along with the Prime Minister of Japan, Ohira. Another government policy which helped in strengthening of the relationships between Australia and the Asian Nations was the foreign policy which had been implemented by Fraser government (Meaney 1980, 171). The primary focus of this policy was to have the stronger focus on the issues which were related to the development and the economic equity.

美国毕业论文会挂吗：单一的工作带来的影响

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美国毕业论文会挂吗：单一的工作带来的影响

卡尔•马克思(Karl Marx)指出，就业和让人们在单一学科中工作的概念，会导致个性的丧失。每个人都用工作来表达自己的个性。这种过程的同质化导致人们无法表达自己的天赋，成为单一职业的典范。这些工作观念导致了人与人之间社会关系的丧失。有一种成为体制一部分的感觉，人们被迫成为社会的一员。精神上的概念和生活中较小的幸福在这个过程中变得机械化，导致人们失去自我价值感和个性，以适应范式(McLellan, 1980)。这些反过来又导致人民的异化。在这个机械化的世界里，人们开始感到孤独。
黑格尔指出，生命的本质和存在之间的区别变得模糊起来。在这些过程中，人们开始失去他们的个性。马克思也支持这些说法。就业过程中存在着对幸福的否定和身份的丧失。人们被社会直接或间接地强迫以某种被理解为可接受的方式行事。这些导致了过程机械化的发展和自我价值的丧失。马克思进一步指出，人民成为一个没有真正人类精神的系统的一部分。所有这些都将导致生产力的巨大失败和人类精神的发展，自由将受到阻碍。因此，马克思指出，资本主义的工作体系和劳动分工导致人们面临的问题，使他们的情感健康付出了代价。

美国毕业论文会挂吗：单一的工作带来的影响

Karl Marx states that the notion of employment and making people work in a single discipline leads to loss of individuality. Each individual uses work as an expression to elucidate the individuality of the person. This homogenization of the process leads to people not to express their innate talent and become a paradigm for a single occupation. These notions of work leads to the loss of the social relationship between the people. There is a sense of becoming a part of the system and the people are forced to become a person of the society. The notions of spiritually and the smaller happiness of living life becomes mechanized in the process and leads to the people to lose their sense of self-worth and individuality to fit into the paradigms (McLellan, 1980). These in turn leads to alienation of the people. People start to feel alone in the mechanized world.
Hegel states that the distinction between the essence of life and existence becomes obscured. The people start to lose their individuality in these processes. Marx also bolsters these accounts. There is negation of happiness and the loss of identity in the process of employment. People are coerced by the society directly or indirectly to behave in a certain manner that is construed to be acceptable. These leads to the development of mechanization of the process and the loss of self-worth. Marx further states that the people become a part of a system with no real human spirit. All these would lead to a colossal failure of productivity and the development of human spirit, freedom would be stunted. Hence Marx states that the capitalistic system of work and division of labor leads people to face issues that cost their emotional wellbeing.

代写论文价格：申请论文怎么写

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代写论文价格：申请论文怎么写

想出国的学生，找代写写申请的不在少数吧。找代写首先考虑的肯定是写作质量的问题，现在网上有很多骗子，他们只是为了赚钱，能忽悠一个是一个，但是我们出国留学的机会是很重要的，所以，一定要小心谨慎的选择。再者就是代写论文价格的问题，价格太低了肯定不是骗子就是随便写篇文章敷衍了事，价格高的话，我们负担又很重，所以同学们也要留心。下面给同学们讲讲申请论文的写作方法，希望对同学们有帮助。

大多数学校对你的论文有一个小的限制，他们希望你可以独特的自由的回答问题，这样可以展示你的个人能力。但是，大多数学校有字数的限制还有规定的截止日期。确保你写的达到了最少字数要求，同时，要在规定时间内上传。一篇文章如果发来的很晚，招生人员会很难找到。如果你申请的学校给了你一个很难回答的问题，不要偏离问题。

你的介绍的要点。你应该将大多数时间放在写介绍上面，因为这通常会决定招生人员是会认真阅读你的文章还是只是浏览一下。在文章的开头展现你自己独特的思想。在开头写一个故事或者轶事也是比较好的。

想想你的语气语调。继续用你在介绍中的语气来写文章，然后给你的话题增加更多的细节。不要担心需不需要华丽的词藻或者大量的词汇。招生人员宁愿你在文章中写你所想的，而不是你认为他们想要听到的。使用活泼的语调和生动的语言，让读者可以身临其境。

做一个强有力的总结。有力且简洁的总结你的文章。确保在文章的结尾，让读者明白你所想要传达的主要目标是什么。

修改，重读，采纳他人建议。当你完成了这篇论文，放开让别人去读和评判。然后，自己回去再读一遍，看是否有想要修改和调整的地方。确保没有拼写错误和语法错误。在截止日期前通过学校指定的方法进行提交。

美国大学申请论文怎么写，申请论文要学会阐述自己的经历，挖掘与自身经历有关的亮点，申请论文的写作，要找出好的亮点，找出自身独特的一面，不是那么容易，要有深入思考的角度，从深层次进行阐述，美国大学申请论文会限制字数，对于提交的时间也是有限定的，留学生应当明确这一点。

怕自己写不好，失掉出国留学机会的同学也不要担心，可以找我们美国高阶论文AdvancedThesis教育网，我们专门做论文代写和修改服务，保密性高，质量好，价格公道，如果想了解代写论文价格的详细情况，欢迎随时咨询。

essay 查重：事件恶性循环的原因

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essay 查重：事件恶性循环的原因

最近发生的警察枪击、警察袭击、对穆斯林产生的恐惧，都是基于媒体信息对人们做出的假设，以及社会上社区领导人的恐惧。这些问题的根源造成人们观察日常生活和思考他们的偏见(岩石4)。各种发展的立场,表示恐惧和消极的刻板印象是文化倾向的人看起来不同,当地和国家领导人的挑衅自己的政治利益,社会中的机会主义者想要从这些问题中获利,政府领导人在这些问题上优柔寡断，担心他们会被保护(Rock 8)。真正的受害者是那些不知道该信任谁的家庭和普通工人。这就导致了事件的恶性循环，导致了错误信念的滋生。解决这一问题应从个人的认识出发，从社区到社区。这个问题没有立竿见影的解决办法。
但是，必须立即努力建立积极的社区。应该承认，每一个种族群体或社区似乎都有世界其他地区的形象。社区成员的增援进一步促进了这一点。这应该转向积极的方面，并得到人民的支持。需要采取行动和反动的方法来解决这个问题(卡特和墨菲272)。作为第一步，社区中应更多地认识到恐惧和消极的刻板印象。媒体应该停止在社区中传播恐惧，帮助人们理解尽管存在分歧，但所有地区仍然存在团结。应该对偏见对社会的影响有更多的认识。应该有办法确定、促进和建立防止和减少种族主义的良好倡议。应该有社区和个人的发展，以扩大他们的范围，并在形成对人的看法之前看看个人的行动。

essay 查重：事件恶性循环的原因

Recent police shooting, attacking of the police, developing fear against Muslims are all because of making assumptions about the people based on the media information and fear from the community leaders in the society. The root causes of these issues have caused the people to look into their everyday lives and wonder about their bias (Rock 4). The various standpoints that have been stated for the development of fear and negative stereotypes are cultural propensity to fear people who look different, provocation from the local and national leaders for their own political gain, opportunists in the society who are looking to make profit from these issues, indecisiveness on the governmental leaders to work on the issues fearing their preservation (Rock 8). The real victims are the families and regular working people who do not know whom to trust in this arena. This leads to a negative spiraling of events and leads to fostering of false beliefs. The solution for this issues should start from individual realization and from community to community. There is no immediate solution for this issue.
However, the efforts to build positive community is required immediately. It should be acknowledged that each ethnic group or community seem to have an image of the rest of the world. This is further fostered by the reinforcements of the members of the community. This should turn towards something positive and reinforced by the people. An action and reactionary approach is required to tackle this issue (Carter and Murphy 272).As a first step, there should be greater awareness in the communities about fear and negative stereotypes. The media should stop propagating fear in the communities and help the people understand the despite the differences there is unity that is still existing in all areas. There should be more awareness about the impact of the bias on the community. There should be ways to identify, promote and build good initiatives to prevent and reduce racism. There should be development of the communities and the individuals to broaden their scope and look at individual actions before formulating an opinion about the person.

美国查重：联邦政府

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美国查重：联邦政府

美利坚合众国的政府被认为是联邦政府。它基本上由50个州和一个首都区组成。有许多首都地区和其他地区已被纳入这个系统。它由三个独特的分支(Gray、Hanson和Kousser 5)组成，分别是立法分支、执行品牌和司法分支。美国宪法赋予国会、总统和联邦法院权力。这也包括最高法院。人民的权力和义务由国会的法案详细解释。当参议院和众议院由不同的党派控制时，它被认为是理想的。在这种情况下，执政党更容易做出治理决策。如果在参议院没有一个政党拥有阻挠议事的多数席位，那么就会出现过去曾出现过的僵局，原因是众议院没有通过立法的最低人数。
这种情况发生在民主党控制参议院多数选票的时候。由于这种模式，过去出现了僵局(Gray, Hanson和Kousser 13)。2013年1月，5个州发生了变化，弗吉尼亚州有1名新州长，2015年1月有12名新州长。2016年古柏全国大选在蒙大拿州、新罕布什尔州、犹他州、佛蒙特州、西弗吉尼亚州、俄勒冈州、特拉华州、印第安纳州、密苏里州、蒙大拿州、北卡罗来纳州和北达科他州举行。波多黎各和美属萨摩亚也举行了一场赛马。2016年，古伯尔全国选举与地方选举、州和联邦州同时举行。这些都发生在2016年总统大选期间。在50个州中，州立法的形成结构各不相同，功能也各不相同。

美国查重：联邦政府

The government of the United States of America is considered to be the federal government. It basically consists of fifty states and one capital district. There are a number of capital districts and other territories that have been embedded into this system. It consists of three distinctive branches (Gray, Hanson, and Kousser 5). It is the legislative branch, executive brand and the judicial branch. The powers of the US constitution is vested with the Congress, President and the federal courts. This includes the Supreme Court as well. The powers and the duties of the people are explained in detail by the acts of congress.It is considered to be ideal when the Senate and the House of Representative are controlled by different parties. In this situation it becomes easier for the ruling party to make governance decisions. If in the senate no party has a filibuster majority, there is gridlock that had occurred in the past owing to the fact that the theater is no minimum number in the lower houses to pass a legislation.
This occurs when the party controls the upper house majority votes. There were gridlocks in the past owing to this paradigm (Gray, Hanson and Kousser 13). In January 2013, there was changes in 5 states, 1 new governor in Virginia and 12 new governors in January 2015. The guber national elections of 2016 was held in the states of Montana, New Hampshire, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Oregon, Delaware, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina and North Dakota. Puerto Rico and American Samoa also had held a races. In the year 2016, the guber national elections occurred concurrently with the local elections, state and the federal states. These occurred along with the 2016 presidential election. In the 50 states there are different formative structure in the state legislations that function differently from each other.

美国论文网：《关于伦沃伊的德国国际私法法》

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美国论文网：《关于伦沃伊的德国国际私法法》

关于《关于伦沃伊的德国国际私法法》第4(1)条第1款，当将一个案件提交另一个国家的法律时，将在此适用该国的国际私法。但是，该国对国际私法的这种适用限于其适用性质，在这种性质不与提交的原始性质或意义相抵触的情况下。如果另一个国家的法律引用德国法律，则此处将适用德国的实质性条款。在承认伦沃伊的范围内，第(4)条第2款规定，当当事各方可以为伦沃伊选择一个国家的法律时，这种选择必须与实质性条款有关。如第(4)条第3款所述，向具有若干法律制度的国家提出建议，则国家法律将决定所适用的部分法律制度，如果不这样做，则将适用与当前问题最密切相关的法律制度。
因此，德国作为一个大陆法系国家，对实体法具有重要意义。大陆法系比英美法系在其他盎格鲁-撒克逊传统国家更为普遍。实体法不同于程序法。在诉讼法中，法院将听取辩论双方的任何一方，然后决定案件的正当司法程序。另一方面，在实体法的情况下，为了做出判决，将使用程序法中的程序对债权和抗辩进行有效性检验。现在，在重新引用renvoi的情况下，它所涉及的国家的国际私法可能无法满足该引用的含义，那么德国的实质性条款将开始适用。当renvoi不仅考虑国外关于该主题的法律，而且考虑国外的冲突法时，这种反向参照是可能的。

美国论文网：《关于伦沃伊的德国国际私法法》

As for Art. 4(1)1 of the German Private International Law Act on Renvoi reads, when a referral is made for a case to another country law, then the private international law of that country will be applied here. However, this application of the private international law of the country is limited to that nature of application where it does not become incompatible with the original nature or the meaning of the referral. Where the law of the other country refers back to German law then the German substantive provisions will be applied here. In the context of admission of Renvoi Article (4)2 states that when parties can choose laws of a country for renvoi then the choice must be related to the substantive provisions. Where the referral is made to country with several legal systems as Article (4)3 states then country law will determine the partial legal system to be applied and failing this the one closest in context to the issue at hand will be applied.
Germany as a civil law country hence gives a significant importance to substantive law. Civil law system is more commonly applied here than the common law systems as observed in other countries of Anglo Saxon traditions. This form of substantive law differs from procedural law. In procedural law, the court will hear either end of the arguments and then will determine the due process of justice in the cases. On the other hand in the case of substantive laws, the claims and defense will be tested for validity using procedures in the procedural law in order to come to a decision. Now in the case of a renvoi being back referenced, where the private international law of the country to which it was referred to might not be able to meet the meaning of the referral then the substantive provisions of Germany will come to be applied. This back referencing is possible when the renvoi not only consider for the foreign country’s laws on the subject but also considers the laws of conflict of the foreign country.