美国代写论文：领导者的职责

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美国代写论文：领导者的职责

领导应当理直气壮地把争议当事人带到会议桌上，找出冲突的根源来加以解决。基于问题的严重性和项目执行阶段，领导者必须作出决定，要么提出妥协解决方案，要么迫使他们决定项目兴趣。领导者对项目的成功负责，因此应该采取行动来保证这一点，即使这意味着团队成员的压倒一切。
领导力团队不仅需要照顾项目或团队，还要与高级管理层协调，为组织建立一个长期的愿景（Kozlowsk，et al。1996，p 42）。要让领导者具备为团队整体利益而量度风险的能力。在不同的时间点，领导者必须为团队的行为承担责任，并能够在客户，外部利益相关者升级的情况下为他们辩护。

美国代写论文：领导者的职责
团队的领导者必须考虑到团队成员的多样性，了解他们的长处和短处，并将他们融合在一起，以达到最佳的团队目标（Fisher 2000，p103）。因此，领导者不仅要有智商，还要有高度的情商，熟练掌握团队内部的不同情况和人格。在当今高度互联的工作场所，领导虚拟团队成为现实，领导者需要承认团队成员的特点，将他们融入统一的团队文化。

美国代写论文：领导者的职责

Leader should ideally confront the situation head on to bring the disputing parties on the meeting table and identify the root cause of conflict to fix it. Based on the criticality of the problem and the project execution phase, leaders must make a decision to either propose a compromise solution or force his decision in project interest. Leader is accountable for the project success and hence should take actions to ensure this, even if it means overriding concerns from team members.
Leadership in team does not only involve taking care of project or team, but also taking initiatives to build a long term vision for the organization in coordination with the senior management (Kozlowsk, et al. 1996, p 42). It shall involve leaders to have the aptitude for taking measured risks for the overall benefit of the team. At different points of time, leaders have to take responsibility for their team’s actions and be able to defend them in face of escalations from customers, external stakeholders etc.

美国代写论文：领导者的职责
Leaders in team have to take into account the diverse nature of their team members, understand their strengths and weaknesses and blend them together into a cohesive unit to achieve optimal team objectives (Fisher 2000, p103). Hence, leaders need not only have intelligence quotient, but also have high emotional intelligence to handle varying situations and personalities within the team adeptly. In today’s highly connected workplace, with virtual team members being a reality, leaders need to acknowledge the assorted characteristics of their team members to assimilate them into a unified team culture.

美国代写论文：理解创新

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美国代写论文：理解创新

本文的读者可以期待对选定主题进行分析的结构化方法。这就是为什么随着论文的进展，读者首先会遇到构建整个学科所需要的基本构建块，这就是说，首先所有的重要概念，如创新的含义和解释，与创新过程相关的复杂性，其重要性。因此，一旦读者明确了创新的概念，接下来的论文将进一步分析创新的战略决策等方面。一旦奠定了创新理念和创新战略决策的基础，读者就可以进一步期待对项目管理决策过程的详细分析。这就清晰地了解了创新决策如何在基于项目的组织中发挥主要作用。

美国代写论文：理解创新
一旦对基于项目的组织的创新决策有了洞见，读者就可以期待分析创新如何在组织发展中起主要作用。然而，与创新有关的一个重要方面是大数据的作用。在目前的情况下，大数据在使组织能够做出与创新有关的决策方面发挥着重要作用，因此本文也包含了对大数据的分析以及与之相关的各种概念。最终，所有必要的细节都会被涵盖和分析，最终读者将会发现对创新，决策和大数据之间的关系的分析。本节将从根本上帮助读者把整篇论文所涵盖的各种概念和知识连接起来。最终，通过本文后，读者应该能够理解创新，数据的重要性以及项目组织如何将重点放在创新的战略决策上，从而获得竞争优势并保持高效。

美国代写论文：理解创新

A reader of this dissertation can expect a structured approach towards analysis of the selected subject. That is why as this dissertation progresses, a reader will first encounter the basic building blocks required for constructing the entire subject, which means, firstly all the important concepts, such as meaning and interpretation of innovation, complexities associated with the process of innovation, and its importance. Thus, once a reader is clear about the concept of innovation, next part of dissertation will further analyse aspects such as strategic decision making on innovation. Once the foundation is laid with idea about innovation and strategic decision making on innovation, reader can then further expect detailed analysis of decision making process in project management. This gives a clear insight on how decision making in innovation is playing major role in project based organisation.

美国代写论文：理解创新
Once the insight on decision making in innovation in project based organisation is given, reader can then expect analysis on how innovation is playing a major role in the development of an organisation. However one important aspect which is related to innovation is role of big data. In present situation, big data is playing major role in enabling organisation to take decision related to innovation that is why this dissertation has also included an analysis of big data and various concepts associated with it. Ultimately with all the necessary details covered and analysis done, towards the end a reader will find an analysis on the relationship between innovation, decision making and big data. This section will basically help a reader to connect the dots between various concepts and knowledge covered in throughout dissertation. Ultimately, after going through this dissertation reader should be able to comprehend the importance of innovation, data and how project-based organisations are focusing on strategic decision making on innovation to gain competitive advantage, and to remain efficient.

美国论文代写：事件管理

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美国论文代写：事件管理
一旦决定了事件的目标，预算和关键路径，选择地点是与事件相关的最重要的方面（卡普尔，2013）。关于选择事件的位置有很多关键的方面。例如，企业活动组织者将尝试预订诸如会议中心等邻近机场，酒店等的位置，这不仅节省了关键的物流成本，还将使整个活动的过程相对方便和方便（Thomas＆Bowdin，2012）。在开放游乐区的情况下，核心位置是商场本身的楼层。因为这是一个组织起来的游戏区的事件，这样的事件应该组织在游戏区本身附近或在其中。这不仅有助于赛事组织者展示所提出的比赛区域，而且还有助于客户节省选择比赛场地的费用。
美国论文代写：事件管理
交通是与事件管理相关的另一个重要方面。例如，为组织与专业会议有关的活动，组织者应该清楚地看到受邀参加会议的访客是通过航空还是公路来到这里。这将确保为游客提供适当的指导以达到目的地。如果是玩乐区，那么由于这个活动集中在地方层面，因此假定只有本地市民才会被邀请。因此，将没有单独的要求来安排运输将是必需的。

美国论文代写：事件管理

Once objective, budget, and critical path of the event is decided, selection of location is the most important aspect related to the event (Capell, 2013). There are various critical aspects which are related to selection of location of an event. For example, a corporate event organizer, will try to book a location such as convention centre which has proximity to airport, hotels etc. This will not only save crucial logistics cost, but will also make the process of entire event relatively convenient and easily accessible (Thomas&Bowdin, 2012). In case of opening of a play zone, the core location is the floor of the mall itself. Since it is an event organized for launch of the play zone, it becomes logical that event like this should be organized near or in the play zone itself. This not only will help the event organizers to showcase the proposed play zone, but will also help the client to save money on selection of an alternative location for the event.
美国论文代写：事件管理
Transportation is another important aspect related to event management. For example, for organisation of an event related to professional conference, it is important for the organizers to have a clear view, whether visitors invited to the conference are coming via air or road. This will ensure that proper guidance is given to the visitors for reaching the destination. In case of play zone launch, since the event is focused on local level, hence it is assumed that only local citizens of the city will be invited. Hence there will be no separate requirement to arrange for the transportation will be required.

美国论文代写：组织知识传播

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美国论文代写：组织知识传播

组织的设计可能会影响分享和获取知识的效率和效果。一些研究人员和从业人员认为，在变化的背景下，某些方面会导致核心僵化，这大大限制了组织创造新知识的能力（Durand 2009）。有关文献表明，从事知识管理的组织必须在组织内部作出一定的安排，以增加知识的变化和创造。这种组织安排包括人力资源系统，信息处理过程和能力，组织文化和结构设计（Dixon 2010）。

美国论文代写：组织知识传播
其他一些研究人员则展示了与组织内外部知识传播和获取过程相关的跨界个人的意义。 Gupta和Govindrajan（2010）评估了知识共享和/或管理背景下海外和子公司之间的关系。评估表明激励措施对于组织内的个人进行有效的知识共享过程具有重要意义。 De Long和Fahey（2010）也证明，如果一个组织试图有效地使用，分享和创造知识，就需要有一定的组织文化。正如文献中所评论的，组织内部的安排范围从组织内更广泛的文化到边界跨越角色和个人层面的激励（De Long and Seemann 2010）。此外，有人认为，动态能力的方法在展示组织整合结构和过程的能力方面具有重要意义，这种结构和过程是获得竞争对手组织的创新和强大优势所必需的。

美国论文代写：组织知识传播

The design of an organization is likely to affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the sharing and acquisition of knowledge. Some researchers and practitioners argued that there are certain aspects which lead to core rigidity in the context of changes which significantly limit the capacity of an organization to create new knowledge (Durand 2009). The relevant literature demonstrates that the organizations engaged in the process of knowledge management must create certain arrangements within the organization to increase the change and creation of knowledge. This organizational arrangement is inclusive of the human resource systems, information – processing processes and capability, organizational culture, and structural design (Dixon 2010).

美国论文代写：组织知识传播
Some other researchers demonstrated the significance of the boundary – spanning individuals associated with the process of external knowledge dissemination and acquisition within an organization. Gupta and Govindrajan (2010) evaluated the relationship in between the overseas and parent subsidiaries in the context of knowledge – sharing and / or management. The evaluation demonstrated the significance of incentives outlined for the individuals within an organization to conduct an effective process of knowledge sharing. De Long and Fahey (2010) also demonstrated that there is a need of certain organizational culture if an organization is attempting to effectively and efficiently use, share, and create knowledge. The arrangements within an organization, as reviewed in the literature, thus ranges from the broader culture within an organization to the boundary – spanning roles and individual – level incentives (De Long and Seemann 2010). Moreover, it has been suggested that the approach of dynamic capability is significant in demonstrating the ability of an organization to integrate the structure and process which is necessary to attain innovative and strong advantage over the competitor organizations.

美国佛蒙特大学论文代写：美国经济

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美国佛蒙特大学论文代写：美国经济

介绍
世界是在2015年，而时间和新年并没有给世界经济带来稳定和希望，因此在美国情况几乎一样。尽管如此，美国经济现在是健康的买方经济，但直到现在经济还不稳定。华尔街的抗议活动以及美国第四季度的经济崩溃都是经济不稳定的证据。这一崩溃达到了一定程度的下降，导致人们强行辞职或面临裁员。美国经济的最后一个季度遭遇了加速降低经济增长和稳定进程的冲击。
美国佛蒙特大学论文代写：美国经济

讨论
国内生产总值全年增长，2015年有较好的起步机会，上个季度国内生产总值下降打破了上个季度。美国经济第一季度出现了GDP下滑，从2013年最后一个季度（米切尔，2015年）的人均资本的其他经济因素。第一季度达成的政策和方法后来更好的第二。国内生产总值和企业利润处于主要倾向，对稳定经济发挥了积极作用。网上交易趋势及消费开支亦为正面及有利市场，分别达到2.5％及2.3％的正面数字，分别升4.6％及4.4％。 2014年第三季度也显示出类似的增长行为（Mitchell，2015）。

美国佛蒙特大学论文代写：介绍

Introduction
World is in 2015, while time as well as new year had not brought an stability and hopes in the economies of the world, so as in United States, the condition is almost the same. Even though, US economy is now healthy buyer economic, but economy is not stable until now. The protests at Wall Street as well as the economic collapse in 4th quarter of US are the evidence of unstable economy. The collapse attained a level of decline which led people to either forcefully quit or to face downsizing in their jobs. The last quarter in the US economy was a hit to speed hump which reduce the growth and stability process in economy.

美国佛蒙特大学论文代写：讨论
Discussion
GDP which was on increasing scale throughout the year, and there were chances for better start of 2015, interrupted in the last quarter with the decline in GDP in last quarter.The initial quarter of the US economy showed a decline in GDP, as well as additional economic factors which effect per head Capital, from the last quarter of 2013 (Mitchell, 2015).The policies and approach attained for the first quarter consequent in better second. The GDP as well as corporate profits hit the major incline and performed positive role to stable economy. Trend of Net Trade as well as consumer spending was also positive and favorable for the market as they attain the positive figure of 2.5% and 2.3% with the increase of 4.6% and 4.4% respectively. The third quarter of 2014, showed the similar behavior of increase (Mitchell, 2015).

美国代写assignment：工作环境分析

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美国代写assignment：工作环境分析

现有的工作环境
已经在部门工作的员工对公司目前的流程和制度感到满意。会计和运营部门现有的系统是传统系统，所有员工都不满意，因为他们不喜欢看到任何变化。这也是公司面临的问题，因为如果组织发生了新的变化，那么也会对员工产生阻力。

美国代写assignment：工作环境分析
部门的新变化
在李永才受聘之前，会计和运营部门负责控制所有簿记功能，并为每个部分的表现生成数据。这样做是为了帮助每个经理做出决定。李勇是会计业务部经理，有20名成员，其中3名直接向她汇报。然而，公司的运作是在永利任命之前制定的（Robbins et al，2015）。永利在组织招聘之后，为了取得更好的成绩，她改变了内部的几个方面。然而，这些成员或她的下属对此也感到不舒服。例如，他们没有一贯的监测。另一个同样的例子可以从总经理Virat的案例中引用，他在这个领域有相当丰富的经验。他负责监控日常操作和监控，重点是监控分类帐，但是他总是感觉到李勇思考他，并且每当她感觉到时都在看他的工作（Robbins et al，2015）。这让维拉特感到不舒服，因为他是该公司经验丰富的员工，从来没有面对他所做的工作提出质疑。 Virat所缺乏的信任是公司大多数管理者所面临的，这是一个相当新的变化，尤其是没有Yong Lee的感谢。

美国代写assignment：工作环境分析

Existing Working Environment
The employees already working in the department were happy with the current process and system at the company. The existing system in the accounting and operations department was traditional system and all employees were satisfied with it because they do not love to see any kind of changes. This is the problem in the company as well because if any new changes happen in an organization then resistance to change from the employees also follows.

美国代写assignment：工作环境分析
New Changes in the Department
Before Yong Lee was employed, the accounting and operations department was responsible for controlling all the functions of book keeping and for generating data on each section’s performance. This was done in order help every manager in making decisions. Yong Lee was manager to the accounting operations department with responsibility of 20 members with 3 of them reported directly to her. However, the operations of the company were formulated before Yong Lee was appointed (Robbins et al, 2015). After Yong Lee’s recruitment in the organization, she changed several internal aspects in order to gain better results in the end. However, the members or her subordinates did not feel comfortable on the same. They were not monitored consistently before for example. Another example in the same regard can be quoted from the case of General Accounting manager, Virat who had considerable experience in his field. He was responsible to control the operations and monitoring on day to day basis with a focus on monitoring the accounts of Ledger but he always felt Yong Lee pondering over him and looking into his work whenever she felt like (Robbins et al, 2015). This made Virat uncomfortable as he was an experienced employee of the firm and had never had to face questioning on the work that he had done. Lack of trust experienced by Virat was what most of the managers in the company also faced and this was a considerably new change especially without a sense of appreciation from Yong Lee.

美国代写essay：收益管理

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美国代写essay：收益管理
如上所述，某种形式的收益管理可能在酒店业实施的几种策略中起着重要的作用;虽然这样的策略可能不被视为酒店的收益管理或与正式的RMS相关联。例如，故意决定某些折扣率刚好可以获得的情况下，如果住宿包括一个星期六晚上，则是收益管理方法，然后根据预测的住宿情况得出结论，下个星期六同样的价格是不可能获得的晚上是RM方法（Ingold，A。和Lee-Ross，D.1999）。酒店内策划战术的团队与实施该策略的团队之间的联系是主要关注的 – 没有明确的联系，策略可能会相互冲突，从而造成不成功的结果！

美国代写essay：收益管理
设置RM目标
创建收入管理系统的首要责任是在所有受战略影响的人们之间达成一致，因为这是确切的目标，并确保所有人都能清楚地了解其预期结果（Lovelock，CH 1984 ）。收益管理系统的确切目标不是提高标准房价。也不是提高标准的入住价格。 RMS必须强调推动两者的标准“每空房间收入”（RevPVR），即：
RevPVR =入住率x标准房价（％）
如果酒店不断追求这一目标并努力提高RevPVR，则房间投资回报率将随着时间而提高。
收益管理理念培育以来，可以从各个方面真正实现收益最大化。例如，如果可以解决某个特定酒店需求的辅助收入流的独特营业额高于其他提供相同利率的酒店的特定营业额，而需求较高，则确保第一选择设置为可以实现收入最多的需求。

美国代写essay：收益管理

As explained above, yield management in some form perhaps plays an important part in several strategies implemented in hotel industry; though, such strategies might not be regarded in the hotel as yield management or associated to a formal RMS. For instance, deliberately deciding that some discount rates are just obtainable in case the stay comprises a Saturday night is a yield management approach, and then concluding that, depending on the prediction of lodging, the same price won’t be obtainable at all next Saturday night is a RM approach (Ingold, A. and Lee-Ross, D. 1999). The connection among the teams within a hotel that plan the tactics and the group that implement that is of main concern—devoid of a defined connection, strategies might clash, ensuing unsuccessful outcomes!

美国代写essay：收益管理
Setting RM Objectives
The initial charge of business in making a revenue management system is to attain an agreement among all the people who will be afflicted by the strategies because it’s precise goal and to make sure that all boast a clear perception of its expected outcomes (Lovelock, C.H. 1984). The precise objective of a yield management system isn’t to raise standard room rates. Neither is it to raise standard occupancy prices. RMS must emphasize on boosting the product of the two, the standard “revenue per vacant room night,” or RevPVR that is formulated as below:
RevPVR = Occupancy Rate x Standard room rate (%)
In case the hotel constantly pursues this objective and strives to boost RevPVR, room ROI will raise with time.
Since the yield management concept cultivates, initiatives to really maximize earnings from every aspect can be judged. For instance, if it might be settled that the distinctive turnover from auxiliary revenue streams of demand from a specific hotel were higher than those from other hotels offering same rates, while demand is high, tactics to make sure that the first choice is set to the demand that will grab the most revenue could be put into place.

美国代写论文：公司危机处理

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美国代写论文：公司危机处理

他们这里的悖论是因为，尽管计划已经准备好了，他们推迟了一个星期之后的实施，所以他们最终可能会遇到这个问题，而这个问题实际上与他们真正想做的事情相反。最后，通过对用户的反应，通过对用户的推特和面子书和消息的情感反应，公司确定了危机管理团队提出的社交媒体策略。最后，他们决定通过公司总裁的病毒视频来改变和回答整个客户群体，这不仅描述了危机管理团队所提出的所有建议行动，而且还显示了总统本人的道歉和感谢，所有社交媒体社区都提出了这个问题。

美国代写论文：公司危机处理
他甚至承诺并保证观众不会再发生这样的事情。多年来，公司学习和采用了很多成熟的细分市场，并发生了很大的变化，但却保留了对客户的忠诚和热情。后来总统指出，产品范围一直把人们聚集在一起，30年来业务的发展壮大可以清楚地看到。该公司以其美味的，充满爱的食谱而自豪，将顾客作为一个家庭联系在一起。为顾客提供价值，品位和多样性的不懈努力，不仅得到了保持，而且在过去几年中得到了发展。几年来，我们一直关注我们的有价值的客户，并及时响应他们的要求，在我们的菜单中更多，更少，更广泛和更好，使我们的客户感到惊讶。多米诺骨牌的策略是在留住老客户的同时吸引新客户，使他们忠于品牌。

美国代写论文：公司危机处理

The paradox for them here arose with the fact that despite of having the plan ready at hand, they were delaying the implementation to week later, and so they may end up with having the issue, which was actually opposite of what they actually wanted to do. Eventually, after going through the reaction of their customers via their emotional reflection on tweets and face book posts and messages, the company fastened its strategy for the social media plan that has been proposed by the crises management team. Finally, they made a decision to alter and answer the entire customer community through a viral video that featured the President of the company, which not only depicts all the suggested actions by crises management team, but showing the apologize and thanks from the president himself to all the social media community who brought the issue into notice.

美国代写论文：公司危机处理
He even promised and ensured the audience that this mishap will not happen ever again. Over the years, the company learned and adopted a lot of matured segments and evolved considerably, however, retaining the loyalty and passion for their customers. Later, the president pointed out that the product range has always brought people together and it can clearly be seen by the growth and expansion of the business over the past three decades. The company is proud of their delicious, love filled recipe that bound the customers together as a family. The untiring impetus of providing customer with value, taste and variety against the sum they pay, has not only maintained, but evolved since the past years. Since several years we have paid attention to our valuable customers and responded timely to their demands of having more for less by wide range and betterments in our menu that have amazed our customers. Dominos strategy is to attract new customers along with retaining the old customers and make them loyal to the brand.

 

美国代写论文：员工管理变革

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美国代写论文：员工管理变革

Q.3。你对这个改变的回应是什么？为什么？
答。我对这个变化的回应如下：
我的方法合理化了！
我了解了公司在市场中的地位，以及如何利用新的方法进行。
最重要的是，我保持完整的耐心和信任
我以这种方式行事，因为作为一名管理者，我有责任鼓励员工，使他们能够按照组织的要求和要求来执行和改进。
同事的回应：
他有一个情绪挫折。
他已经根据目前的情况发展了自己的能力，他很难改变自己的方法，接受新的政策。
但Mayer的能力和专业知识获得了员工的信任，使我的同事认识到变革是更好的。

美国代写论文：员工管理变革
Q.4。这个改变是否成功实施了？你评估成功或其他方面的原因是什么？
答。这个变化是否成功实施？
稍有抵触后，变化被接受
•公司在公司内部投入了大量精力，员工们对自己的工作非常兴奋。
2013年，Mayer实施了560项以员工为导向的举措，并为员工引入了新的方案设计，以提高士气。
她对自己的员工非常了解，并确保他们的幸福感保持不变，他们应该感到重视。
需要评估成功：
为什么我觉得这个信任建立很重要，因为作为一个管理者，我一直在努力让员工满意，从而达到组织目标。
同事的回应：
不是，这一变化一开始就不被他接受，但是当情况好转，新领导人梅耶尔采取了一些连贯有效的措施的时候，他让位给了城里新的空气！

美国代写论文：员工管理变革

Q.3. What was your response to the change? Why?
Ans. My response to the change was as follows:
I rationalized my approach!
I got into knowing the company’s place in market and how is it progressing with the new methodologies.
Most importantly, I kept my patience and trust intact
I behaved in this manner because as a manager it is my duty to encourage people and enable them to perform and improve as per the requirements and demands of the organization.
Colleague’s Response:
He had an emotional setback.
He had already developed his capabilities as per the current scenarios and it was difficult for him to change his methodologies and accept the new policies.
But Mayer’s competency and expertise gained the trust of the employees, made my colleague to realize that the change is for the better.

美国代写论文：员工管理变革
Q.4. Was the change successfully implemented; and what is the reasoning behind your assessment of success or otherwise?
Ans. The change was successfully implemented?
After a little resistance the change was accepted well
Mayer placed a lot of energy in the company and the employees’ got very excited about their work.
In 2013, Mayer implemented 560 employee- oriented initiatives and also introduced new program designs for employees’ in order to boost their morale.
She understood her employees very well and ensured their happiness remains intact and they should feel valued.
Need for assessment of success:
The need why I feel this trust building was important was because as a manager I always endeavor for employee satisfaction and thus, achieve the organizational goals.
Colleague’s Response:
No, the change was not accepted by him in the first instance, but when things got better and when some consistent and effective steps were taken by our new leader Mayer, it made him give way to the new air in town!

美国论文代写：员工敬业度

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美国论文代写：员工敬业度

由于员工敬业度的这些积极影响，调查如何在人力资源实践中运作员工敬业度成为当务之急。存在以下五个因素是员工参与的必要条件（Villa，1996）
1.主管经理 – 主管经理了解组织的目标，并能增加价值的世俗工作。他能够判断一个员工的有效性并提供建设性的反馈，从而帮助员工做出更好的判断。没有一个能干的管理者，同时保持一切都会导致一个表现不佳的员工。
2.Contextual目标 – 与员工需求相一致的目标，并牢记考虑质量和数量的适当时间框架。没有上下文目标导致困惑的员工。员工有虚假的开始和错过最后期限。
3.目标矩阵 – 员工应该能够衡量自己的表现并客观地回归。如果员工不了解客观矩阵，就会让他生气或害怕。因此，客观矩阵应该由经理和员工自己共同为员工创造。
4.资源做好这项工作 – 如果员工没有资源做这项工作，那么不管什么好意，他的工作都会受到影响。如果没有这些资源，这将使员工感到无法实现的目标。
5.自主性 – 这是推动员工参与到全面实施的最重要的因素。如果没有一定程度的自主权，员工只会按照他们的要求去做。由于被微观管理，员工会感到不满。
美国论文代写：员工敬业度
尽管在员工敬业度方面做了大量的学术研究工作，但还需要进一步的研究。必须具备五个杠杆：主管经理，背景目标，客观矩阵，资源和自主权，共同组织一个积极参与组织的员工。雇主要记住的最重要的事情不是告诉员工该做什么，而是要向他们解释你所做的事情。提高员工的期望没有匹配奖励是脱离员工的最简单的方法。这应该与员工层面的角色清晰度和组织中每个人都能理解的重点策略相结合。

美国论文代写：员工敬业度

Because of these positive effects of employee engagement, it becomes imperative that investigate as how to operationalize Employee Engagement in HR practices. Presence of all of the following five factors is a must for employee engagement (Villa, 1996)
1.Competent Manager – A competent manager understands the goals of the organization and can add value mundane work. He is able to judge an employee’s effectiveness and provide constructive feedback thereby helping an employee to make better judgments. Absence of a competent manager while keeping everything same would result in an underperforming employee.
2.Contextual goals – Goals that are aligned to employees needs and set keeping in mind proper time frame for quality and quantity in mind. Absence of contextual goals results in confused employees. Employees have false starts and missed deadlines.
3.Objective matrices – Employees should be able to measure their own performance and regress on them objectively. If the objective matrices is not understood by the employee, it would leave him angry or scared. Therefore Objective matrices should be co-created for the employee by the manager and the employee himself.
4.Resources to do the job – if the employee does not have the resources to do the job then irrespective of all the best intentions, his work would suffer. This would leave the employee frustrated with the goals that he cannot achieve without these resources.
5.Autonomy – This is the most important factor to drive the employee engagement to full implementation. In absence of a certain degree of autonomy employee would only do what they are told to do. Employees would be disgruntled because of being micromanaged.

美国论文代写：员工敬业度
Even though a lot of academic work has been done on employee engagement, much more is required to put these researches in practice. It is a must to have all the five levers namely: competent manager, contextual goals, objective matrices, resources and autonomy in place together to get an employee actively engaged with the organization. The most important thing for the employer to remember is not to tell the employee what to do but to explain to them what you do. Raising employees’ expectations without matching rewards is the easiest way to disengage an employee. This should be coupled with role clarity at the employee level and focused strategy which everyone in the organization understands.