美国论文代写：有效的决策过程

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美国论文代写：有效的决策过程

信息：它构成了关于事物的事实和知识。这是通过一些权威机构的经验，交流和指示收集的细节。
决策制定：根据目前的情况和条件，从可用的备选方案中选择合适的选择。
为了有效的决策过程，在组织中设计了适当的管理信息系统。管理信息系统（MIS）由人员，决策过程中遵循的程序，组织中的交互式通信系统和组织决策过程中至关重要的组织活动数据库组成。一个组织强大的信息系统支持组织中的员工和管理层的经验，有助于有效的决策（Kirk，1999）。 。管理信息系统的基本目标是收集各方面关心组织工作的信息，分离关键信息，然后把正确的信息放在合适的人的面前。及时，合适的信息按照高质量的内容按时交付成为组织有效决策的关键（Laudon，2011）。今天的管理者依靠管理信息系统来及时，真实，准确地评估信息，因为他们没有时间分析每一点信息，因为减少了喉咙的竞争。

美国论文代写：有效的决策过程
有效的决策过程对任何组织的发展至关重要。它有助于最佳和更好地利用公司可用的资源。有效和高效的决策过程可以使组织面临因竞争而面临的挑战和业务问题。在正确的时间范围内做出适当的决定有助于实现导致组织发展的组织目标。如果决策过程有效，员工和组织的效率也会提高。如果在组织中采取适当的决策，则有助于创新组织中使用的工作条件和技术。它还激励组织的员工更有效地工作，以实现组织和个人的目标。

美国论文代写：有效的决策过程

Information: It constitutes the facts and knowledge gathered about something. It is the detail collected through experience, communication and instructions given by some authority.
Decision making: It is the process of selecting suitable option from the available alternatives according to the present situation and conditions.
A proper Management information system is designed in the organization for effective decision making process. Management information system (MIS) consists of people, procedure followed in the decision making process, interactive communication system in the organization and database of the organizational activities which are crucial for decision making process. The strong information system of an organization backs the experiences of employees and management in the organization which helps in effective decision making (Kirk, 1999). . The basic aim of management information system is to collect information from various sources which are of concern for the working of the organization and segregating the crucial information and then placing the right information in front of the right people. The timely, appropriate information when delivered on time with quality content becomes the key for effective decision making in the organization (Laudon, 2011). The managers today depend on management information system for timely and reality and accurately evaluated information because they are lack of time to analyze every bit of information due cut throat competition.

美国论文代写：有效的决策过程
Effective Decision making process is crucial for the growth of any organization. It helps in the optimal and better utilization of resources available with the company. An effective and efficient decision making process can enable the organization to face challenges and problems of business due to competition. A proper decision taken within correct time frame helps in the achievement of organizational objectives which leads to organizational growth. The efficiency of employees and the organization also increases if the decision making process is effective. Proper decisions if taken in the organization facilitate innovation in the working conditions and the techniques used in the organization. It also motivates employees of the organization to work more effectively and efficiently for the achievement of organizational and personal goals.

美国圣路易斯大学论文代写：企业分析

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美国圣路易斯大学论文代写：企业分析

在当今竞争日益激烈和竞争激烈的商业时代，随着市场竞争日益激烈，商业组织运用各种具体创新的策略或方法，以有效和系统的方式分析企业内部和外部的情况。这种分析还有助于组织在竞争优势方面取得竞争优势。在这一部分，金宝汤的内部和外部分析进行了确定其内部资源的角色，在反对竞争地位和实现业务的顶部地位。波特分析的五大力量用来评估包装食品行业的环境，并用PEST分析来检验公司内部和外部环境的良好基础。这些分析有助于评估坎贝尔可能的商业，企业层面和国际战略。内部分析确定了可能给公司带来竞争优势的内部资源，并帮助他们保持最高业务地位（Phillips，2010）。通过波特的五种力量，SWOT分析和PEST分析，对Campbell的行为进行内部和外部分析，如下所述：
美国圣路易斯大学论文代写：企业分析
PEST分析
因此，PEST分析显示，美国，中国和俄罗斯经济的稳定的政府趋势和正增长，客户的偏好以及最新技术的可用性或利用率的变化可能使坎贝尔具有竞争优势。在波特的五力和PEST分析的基础上，预测内部和外部资源可能在市场上具有竞争力。

美国圣路易斯大学论文代写：企业分析

In today’s more dynamic and challenging competitive business era, with the increasing competition in the market, business organizations use various types of specific and innovative strategies or methods in order to analyse internal as well as external situation of the business in an effective and more systematic manner. This analysis also helps the organizations in the achievement of competitive advantages over the competitors. In this section, internal and external analysis conducts of Campbell’s to identify their internal resources those played role in counter the competition position and achieve top position of the business. Porter’s five forces analyzed are used to evaluate the packaged food industry environment as well as PEST analyses are used to examine a sound foundation in external and internal environmental of the company. These analyses help to evaluate the possible business, corporate-level and international strategies of Campbell’s. The internal analysis identifies the internal resources that may give the company a competitive advantage and helps in remain to the top business position (Phillips, 2010). Internal and external analysis of Campbell’s conducts through Porter’s five forces, SWOT analysis, and PEST analysis that are described in the below:
美国圣路易斯大学论文代写：企业分析
PEST Analysis
So, PEST analysis indicates the stable government trends and positive growth of US, China and Russia economy, changes in preferences of customers and availability or utilization of latest technology may have gave Campbell a competitive advantage. On the basis of Porter’s five force and PEST analysis it predicts that internal and external resources may have it a competitive position in the market.

美国代写essay：企业竞争力

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美国代写essay：企业竞争力

现在的关注点是那些正在提供像美国大多数公司这样的物质工具的公司。在这种情况下，信息在创新过程中起着重要的作用。一些国家寻找其他国家无法获得的信息。通过使用这种信息，市场发现了差距，假设是建立在传统观念上的。这是大多数聪明和相信创新，研究和发展的公司和国家所使用的技巧（Siggel，2006）。
各国的情况和条件在整个公司的能力发展中起着至关重要的作用。公司组织，管理和结构的方式是基于这样一个事实：国家的情况如何发生。以中等规模，短距离，大规模的成功企业为例，可以看到这一点。在意大利，这种情况是存在的，因为家庭财富存在于国内，人们拥有从祖先继承的财富。这种情况在德国是相反的，因为这些公司是分层次的，管理实践和政策是根据这个技术背景（Brender和Spencer，2005）。

美国代写essay：企业竞争力
缺乏历史维度
波特模型中没有历史意义，钻石模型被认为只是一个抽象的后发展理论的历史维度的模型。这个理论也没有关注国家文化和呈现国家作用的低估（Brander and Krugman，2003）。搬运工模式中缺少国家的作用，不关注国家竞争力。

美国代写essay：企业竞争力

The attention now is towards the companies that are giving material tools like most of the US companies. In this context information is playing an important role during the process of innovation. Some nations look for the information that is not available to other nations. By using this information market gaps are discovered and assumptions are build on conventional wisdom. This is a trick used by most of the companies and nations that are smart and believe in innovation, research and development (Siggel, 2006).
Circumstances and conditions of the countries play a vital role in the development of competencies throughout the companies. The way companies are organized, managed and given structure is based on the fact that how circumstances of the country are taking place. Example of this can be observed in the example of successful companies that are medium range, short range and big sized, they are owned by the families. This situation is present in Italy because the wealth of family is present in the country and people have wealth that they inherited from their ancestors. This situation is reversed in Germany as the companies are hierarchical and management practices and policies are according to this technical background (Brender and Spencer, 2005).

美国代写essay：企业竞争力
Lack of historical dimension
It has been debated that historical significance is not present in the porter model and diamond model has been observed to be a model that presents only abstract about the application of historical dimensions of the late development theory. This theory is also not giving attention about the national cultures and downplays that are presenting the role of the state (Brander and Krugman, 2003). The role of the state is missing in the porter model and is not giving attention about the national competitiveness.

美国代写essay：人格特质

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美国代写essay：人格特质

组织行为已经成为当代复杂商业组织中不可或缺的一部分。通过对组织行为的适当研究，可以获得一个良好的工作环境和较高的员工绩效水平。组织行为有助于了解员工的行为模式。这可以通过在组织中进行人格测试来完成。通过了解不同员工的个性，他们的工作效率水平，对工作的承诺，与其他员工的关系等。因此，雇主可以根据自己的性格特点选择最适合公司的人选，并委托具体的工作。在这份报告中，性格测试是基于五大模式进行的。报告还强调了人格差异在组织行为中的作用以及一个人的个性如何影响他在工作中的行为。

美国代写essay：人格特质

人格被称为与他/她的情绪，与他人的相互作用，态度，动机因素等有关的行为模式和特征。每个人都有独特的人格特质，在不同的工作表现和个人环境中，他们的表现也会有所不同。个性表现出一个人对不同情况或对他人的态度。这对工作效率水平，职业成长，他人对待这个人的态度和行为等都有很大的影响。

美国代写essay：人格特质

Organizational behavior has become an integral concern in the contemporary complex business organizations. A promising work environment and higher performance level of the employees can be attained with a proper study of the organizational behavior. Organizational behavior helps to know the behavioral patterns of the employees. This can be done by conducting personality tests in the organizations. By knowing the personalities of different employees, their work efficiency levels, commitment towards work, relationship with other employees etc will be known. As a result of this, the employer can chose the best candidates for the company as well as entrusting specific work according to their personality traits. In this report, the personality tests are conducted based on the Big Five model. The report also highlights about the role of personality differences in the organizational behavior and how the personality of a person affects his behavior at work.

美国代写essay：人格特质

Personality is otherwise termed as the behavioral patterns and characteristics exhibited by a person related to his or her emotions, interactions with others, attitude, motivational factors and so on. Every individual has unique personality traits and it will be exhibited differently in different contexts of work performance and in personal environment. Personality shows the attitude of a person to different situations or to others. This has a high impact in the work efficiency level, career growth, other’s attitude and behavior towards this person and so on.

美国代写论文：跨文化冲突管理

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美国代写论文：跨文化冲突管理

随着世界环境的不断变化，管理者非常需要了解文化差异和处理这些差异的方法。全球化运作可以为企业带来巨大的成功，同时也带来了跨文化交流的巨大挑战。文化体现了一个人的行为，塑造了他的态度，偏好，信仰，价值观，总体上，他的整个人格。接受别人的文化是很难的，因为它与你自己的信仰和个性显着不同。然而，跨文化的谈判和冲突管理是全球经营的重要组成部分，本文深入探讨如何对这些差异进行分类。这个话题是通过使用两个非常占主导地位的中美（亚洲和西方）民族文化的例子来解释和论证的。为了成功解决冲突和谈判，双方必须先试着了解彼此的文化。了解文化背景和文化理念的原因可以使谈判或冲突管理变得非常容易。双方都必须准备好倾听和接受对方的价值观，抛开自己的刻板印象。

美国代写论文：跨文化冲突管理
冲突/谈判管理
随着全球化的发展，管理者必须在两种文化之间进行交流，并经常进行冲突或谈判，以解决可能出现的任何问题或误解（Wei，Yuen，＆Zhu，2001）。冲突可以被描述为属于不同文化的两个人之间的价值，期望，行为或任何这种特征的不匹配（Ting-Toomey，1994）。与跨文化冲突相比，谈判和冲突管理在处理文化间冲突时更为容易（朱和朱）。这是因为在文化内部的冲突中，各方在态度和思想上都有相似之处。冲突通常是由于双方沟通不畅造成的，而在跨文化冲突中，这个问题在价值观，信仰和其他这样的人格特征上是不同的（朱和朱）。一种文化中的谈判风格可能与另一种文化中的谈判风格完全相反，因此可能会进一步嵌入意见分歧，如开放性或坦率性在美国等一些文化中被重视，而在中国（朱和朱）则被认为是不尊重的。

美国代写论文：跨文化冲突管理

With the ever changing world environment, there is a strong need for managers to understand the cultural differences and ways to deal with these differences. Operating globally can bring immense success for the business, but also poses great challenges such as cross-cultural communication. Culture embodies a person’s behavior, shapes his attitudes, preferences, beliefs, values, in totality, his entire personality. To accept another person’s culture is hard because it significantly differentiates from your own beliefs and personality. However, negotiation and conflict management across cultures is an essential part of operating globally and the essay discusses in great depth about how to sort these differences. The topic is explained and argued by the use of an example of two very dominant national cultures of China and America (Asian and Western). To successfully solve conflicts and negotiate, both parties must try to understand each other’s cultures before-hand. Understanding of the cultural stems and the reasons of cultural concepts can make negotiation or conflict management very easy. Both parties must be ready to listen and accept each other’s values, putting aside their set stereotypes.

美国代写论文：跨文化冲突管理
Conflict/Negotiation management
With globalization, it has become compulsory for managers to communicate between two cultures and often engage in conflict or negotiations to solve any problems or misunderstandings that may have arisen (Wei, Yuen, & ZHU, 2001). Conflict can be described as the un-matching of values, expectations, behaviors or any such characteristic between two people belonging to different culture (Ting-Toomey, 1994). Negotiation and conflict management is easier when dealing with intra-cultural conflict as compared to cross-cultural conflict (Zhu & Zhu). This is because in intra-cultural conflict, the parties have similarities in attitudes and thinking. Conflict arises usually because of miscommunication between the two parties, whereas in cross-cultural conflict, the problem is of a difference in values, beliefs and other such personality traits (Zhu & Zhu). Negotiation styles in one culture may be completely opposite to that in another and thus may further embed the disagreements, like openness or frankness is valued in some cultures like in America, whereas considered disrespectful in others like in China (Zhu & Zhu).

美国论文代写：商店设计

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美国论文代写：商店设计

以下是业主在规划平面图时应考虑的重点：
所有者应该考虑的第一件事就是销售层的形状。地板可以是正方形和长方形的两种类型。应该记住的一个重要的事情是，深而不是宽的商店更容易管理，并看到了一些惊人的结果（Chan等，2014）。任何一家专卖店，尤其是时装业的主要动力，应该是更深入人心的销售空间。因此，当顾客有机会深入商店时，他或她也有机会探索越来越多的商品（Bailey＆Baker，2014）。

美国论文代写：商店设计
由于展厅最宽处的大入口有助于客户在展厅内更深入，商店的入口也应给予重要的考虑（Bailey＆Baker，2014）。
一般来说，更广泛的商店布局可以分为以下三种：
a.Power走道
b.Race轨道
c。自由流动
对于店主来说，选择正确的设计是非常重要的，这取决于数量（Bailey＆Baker，2014）。就像所讨论的第一个因素是商店的形状，除此之外是产品提供，商店的整体大小，还包括个人喜好。其他的点，比如跑道设计，对于狭小的空间也不适用，因为它通常适用于大空间（Chan et al，2014）。除了这些自由流动的设计，对于自然界中独一无二的专卖店来说，这些设计并不适用于杂货店，五金店和其他商店等结构严密的组织。

美国论文代写：商店设计

Following are the important points which owner should take into consideration while planning the floor plan:
1.The first thing which the owner should consider is the shape of the sales floor. The floor can be of two types square and rectangular. An important thing which should be kept in mind is that the stores which are deep rather than wide are much easier to manage and have seen some amazing results (Chan et al, 2014). The main motive of any store especially in fashion industry should be more direct towards people deeper into the space of sales. Therefore, when the customer gets the opportunity to go deeper into the store, he or she also has the opportunity to explore more and more merchandise (Bailey & Baker, 2014).

美国论文代写：商店设计
The entrance of the store should be given due importance as well because of the big entrance on the widest side of the showroom helps customer to get deeper inside the showroom (Bailey & Baker, 2014).
Normally a store layout on a broader basis is of three types mentioned below: –
a.Power Aisle
b.Race track
c.Free flowing
It is important for the store owner to choose the right kind of design and this depends on number of things (Bailey & Baker, 2014). Like the first factor as discussed is the shape of the store and apart from this are product offering, overall size of the store and also includes personal preferences. Other points, like Racetrack designs will not work for small spaces because it usually works for big spaces (Chan et al, 2014). Other than these free flowing designs work well for specialty store which are unique in nature, these designs do not work in the organizations which have strict structure like grocery stores, hardware stores and many other stores.

美国论文代写：三维图形

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美国论文代写：三维图形
顾名思义，它可以创建专业的3D功能图。这是一个真正的创新工具，并具有有趣的功能。这个工具被认为是在线发现的所有3D应用程序中最好的。这个工具的制造商推广这个工具，作为一个工具，可以很容易地安装和轻松地卸载没有任何麻烦。它可以用有趣的设计创建精确的3D图。它有一个三十天的试用期。与工具的功能相比，成本被认为是相对便宜的。正是由于它的功能性，它才能使枯燥的统计图令人满意。它有鲜明的色彩和独特的设计，不会偏离统计数据。这个工具最初会让那些查看它的人感到困惑，但是一旦人们理解了这个工具，访问它就变得更容易了。它有一些预先设定的选项，使整个工具易于使用。许多统计学家认为，GUI的这些视觉上令人愉悦的元素并不是真正想要的，但它不会偏离原来的计算，绝对不是无聊的。制造商说，这将使这个问题变得更有趣。这是一个功能强大的工具，使得统计学家以外的人对统计数据更感兴趣。

美国论文代写：三维图形
这个三维图形翻版的优点就是它的3D特性，层次结构可以更全面地看待。可以轻松地覆盖对不同源节点的权重分配，基于分配的连接等等。有许多与语义域一起工作的本体论工具。一个学生想要呈现学生使用的奖学金文献以及文献的重要性，可以给他们提供三维形式的权重，并测试主题覆盖的范围或具体和深度。

美国论文代写：三维图形

As the name suggests it can create professional looking 3d functional graphs. It is truly innovative tool and has interesting features in it. This tool is considered to be the best in all of the 3D apps that are found online. The makers of this tool promote this tool as a tool that can be easily installed and easily uninstalled without any hassles. It can create accurate 3 d graphs with interesting designs. It has a thirty-day trial period. Compared to the functionality of the tool the costs are considered to be relatively cheap. It is because of its functionality it can make the boring statistical diagrams pleasing to the eye. It has vibrant colors and unique designs that do not deviate from the statistical data. The tool is initially confusing to the people who view it but once the people understand the tool it becomes easier to access it. It has some set preformatted options that make the overall tool easy to use. Many statisticians say that these visually pleasing elements of the GUI are not really wanted but it does not deviate from the original calculations and is definitely not boring. The makers say that this would make the subject more interesting to all the people. This is a functional tool that is visually pleasing to the eye making statistics more interesting to people other than statisticians.
美国论文代写：三维图形
The advantages of this 3D graph rendition as the very name suggests is its 3D features, the hierarchy can be viewed in a more holistic sense. The weights assignment to the different source nodes, the connections based on assignment and more could be covered easily. There are many ontological tools that work with semantic domains. A student that wants to present the scholarship literature that student uses along with the significance of the literature can present them with the weights in 3D forms and test for how much of a coverage the topic reaches or how specific and in-depth it might be.

澳洲汤斯维尔论文代写：新闻过滤

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澳洲汤斯维尔论文代写：新闻过滤

自近期以来，媒体的来源在这些措施的执行方面已经有了一些强调的尝试。在2009年，伊朗的选举被称为Twitter的革命后，通过在线来源的服务被阻止。中国最近制定了一项计划，在全国各地销售的每台电脑上引入称为“绿坝青年”的过滤软件（Chadwick，2009）。更进一步来说，已经阻挡了着名的搜索引擎，以及多个视频流的站点。中国政府宣布禁止国际新闻机构在中国发布消息，除了国家新华社，路透社禁止，法新社，彭博社，美联社，共同社向媒体中国。

澳洲汤斯维尔论文代写：新闻过滤
审查制度一直被视为涉及争议的主题。对于国际贸易法有重大意义的审查方面，出现了这样一个事实，即提供大量的互联网主要服务作为商业化服务，任何对在线服务的破坏都被认为对减少收入产生了商业影响在这些类型的行动（查德威克，2009）。除此之外，由于服务提供者和审查人员往往被认为是在几个国家，所以这种收入的减少更多的是被另一个国家的政府当局强迫在一个国家的企业中。总之，可以说这似乎是全球性的。

澳洲汤斯维尔论文代写：新闻过滤

Since recent time, a number of attempts have been highlighted for the enforcement of these types of measures under the sources of media. In the year 2009, the elections of Iran had been dubbed for the revolution of Twitter after the service through online sources had been blocked. China recently made a plan for the introduction of filtering software known as the Escort of Green Dam Youth over every single computer being sold across the nation (Chadwick, 2009). Further ahead, there has been blocking of famous engines of search, and sites of video streaming over a number of occasions. The government of China has made an announcement for banning the news being distributed by the international agencies of news in China, except the agency owned by state, Xinhua, Reuters being forbid, AFP, Bloomberg, AP, Kyodo for selling content to the media of China.

澳洲汤斯维尔论文代写：新闻过滤
Censorship has been considered as a subject involving controversy. The aspect over censorship significant to the law of international trade arise with respect to the fact that there is provision of vast major services of internet as services of commercialization and any disruption towards online services is known to be having the commercial impact for the reduction of revenue over these types of action (Chadwick, 2009). In addition to this, as providers and censors of services are often known to be in several nation, this revenue being reduced is more often forced over a business in one nation by the government authority of the other. In short, it can be stated that it seems to be having a global dimension.

美国代写assignment：公司的价值驱动

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美国代写assignment：公司的价值驱动

推动价值驱动型业务是一个巨大的挑战。一个特征性的金字塔底层的消费者会住在一个偏僻的村庄，一个没有自来水和电力的小房子里。家庭一般是文盲，易受疾病和自然灾害的影响。对于一个企业来说，要消除贫困，正在使用的共同策略是（Prahalad，2005）：
a）雇用希望推动地面变革的当地企业家。本土企业家可以快速适应本土市场的细微差别，认真努力争取成功。
b）企业必须努力建设一个运动，而不是市场份额。他们必须致力于为穷人和放弃利润服务的事业。人应该是激励者，而不是金钱。
c）积极欢迎比赛。这表明有更多的人试图解决这个问题。价格有时也可以成为衡量影响的武器。由于国际收支市场庞大，由于涉及规模经济，以非常低的价格出售也可能有利可图。
d）企业必须有一个使命，而不是金钱。如果一个企业必须在BOP市场取得成功，那么就需要一个使命，而不是一个销售计划和利润动机。那些为了钱而生意的企业将无法维持多久。
e）组织的目标应该是最大化分配而不是利润。这些公司可以成功地为许多消费者服务，而不是为了他们的利益而最大化利润。

美国代写assignment：公司的价值驱动
这些价值驱动型公司表明，以使命为导向的业务可以帮助改善全球最贫困人群的生活。如果这些公司努力改善国际收支消费者的生活，对社会将是非常有价值的。

美国代写assignment：公司的价值驱动

It is an immense challenge to drive a value-driven business. A characteristic bottom-of-pyramid consumer would live in a remote village, in a small hut with no running water and electricity. The family would be generally illiterate and would be vulnerable to diseases and natural disaster. For a business to fight poverty, the common strategies that are being used are (Prahalad, 2005):
a)Hiring of local entrepreneurs who wants to drive a change on the ground level. Local entrepreneurs can adapt fast to the nuances of the native markets and can strive for success earnestly.
b)Businesses have to work towards building a movement instead of market share. They have to be dedicated to the cause of serving poor and forego profits. People should be the motivator and not money.
c)Competitions are actively welcomed. It indicates that more people are trying to deal with the problem. Price, at times, can also become a weapon to measure the impact. Since the BOP market is huge, selling at very low price points can also be profitable due to the economies of scale involved.
d)The business has to be motivated with a mission and not money. If a business has to succeed in a BOP market, it would need a mission instead of a sales plan and profit motive. Businesses that are there just for money would not be able to last long.
e)The aim of an organization should be to maximize distribution and not profits. The companies can succeed to serve many consumers covering their costs instead of maximizing profits for their sake.

美国代写assignment：公司的价值驱动
These value driven companies show that mission driven business can help to improve the lives of the globe’s poorest segment. It would be of great value to the society if these companies endeavour to improve the lives of the BOP consumers.

美国代写report：联合利华

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美国代写report：联合利华

菲律宾Smart Communications公司发现，可用性是向BOP市场提供移动电信服务的最大障碍。虽然知道管理供应链将是非常昂贵和困难的，他们试图想出一个创新的解决方案。他们启动了“无线”支付系统，最大限度地降低了物理分配产品的成本。消费者可以通过电子方式重新加载，即使是在偏远的农村地区，也可以帮助消费者购买空运时间。

美国代写report：联合利华
全球快速消费品巨头联合利华（Unilever）的Smart公司也认为，国际收支中的消费者将成为公司长期盈利的关键。他们制定了一个分配制度，确保他们的产品到达最远的地区。 HLL经销商使用牛车，自动人力车和独木舟来分销他们的产品
负担能力被定义为公司的商品或服务对于BOP市场的消费者来说合理的程度。由于这些消费者靠日常工资茁壮成长，公司必须以能够使消费者甚至是最贫穷的消费者的价格来交付产品。三分之二的收入最低的消费者对价格极为敏感。他们中的大多数将收入用于食物。无论微薄的收入是用来购买必需品。联合利华为最重要的生活必需品开发了非常便宜的小包装。小包装满足了消费者的日常需求，因为它们的价格非常低廉。联合利华并没有专注于销售。他们想要改变这个制度。他们想到如何将自己的产品变成一个影响深远的运动（Gorman，Werhane＆Mead，2004）。他们致力于事业，他们的动力是服务于人，而不是积累利润。

美国代写report：联合利华

Smart Communications Inc. of Philippines’ found that availability was the biggest hurdle to provide mobile telecom services to the BOP market. Although knowing that managing the supply chain would be very costly and difficult, they tried to come up with an innovative solution.  They started the “over-the-air” payment system which minimized the costs of distributing the product physically. Consumers could electronically reload which helped the customers to buy the air time even in remotest rural areas.
美国代写report：联合利华
Not only Smart, global FMCG giant, Unilever, too believed that consumers in BOP would be the key to the firm’s long term profitability. They developed a distribution system which ensured that their products would reach the farthest areas. The HLL distributors used bullock carts, auto rickshaws and canoes to distribute their products
Affordability is defined as the extent to which a company’s goods or services are reasonable to the consumers of the BOP market. Since these consumers thrive on daily wages, companies have to deliver products at a price which would enable consumption even to the poorest customers. Two-thirds of the consumers in the lowest income band are extremely sensitive to price. Most of them spend their income on food. Whatever meagre income is left is used to purchase necessities. Unilever developed very low priced small packs for the most important necessities of life. The small packs met the daily needs of the consumers as they had a very low price. Unilever did not concentrate only on sales; they wanted to bring about a change in the system. They thought about how their products can turn into a movement which would have a far reaching impact (Gorman, Werhane & Mead, 2004). They were dedicated to the cause and their motivation was to serve people rather than accumulating profits.