标签存档： 美国代写论文

美国叶史瓦大学论文代写：美国历史词汇

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美国叶史瓦大学论文代写：美国历史词汇

经济进步
1830，美国经历了从政治到经济到社会的各个方面的非凡发展。有一个大规模的洲际移民到美国，其中几乎四分之一的欧洲劳动力和十分之一的欧洲平均人口迁移到美国，促进了美国的经济。这些研究清楚地表明，1830的经济进步导致了劳动力的超常增长，直到第一次世界大战（托克维尔，2010）。美国的资本存量也迅速而稳定地增长。1830国面临的最常见问题之一是运输不足，因为没有可靠和有效的手段将货物和其他产品运送到内地。
特权“做人”的合作
人格是指一个人的地位。人格的概念或术语，是自由、平等的政治和法律方面密切相关，与公民。这个词是对妇女权利和废除奴隶制的战争中广泛使用，是一个国际话题（住宿，2011）。在当今时代，在公司法和成文法中，有一些明显被视为人的社会结构。在许多法律规定中，法律实体和一些公司被视为有权被起诉或在法庭起诉的合法个人或个人。这就是所谓的特权“做人”的合作。人权概念在人类的权利和制度化的保护同样是重要的帮助。它也加强了宪法的前提。它认为公司不是个人，只包括那些被法律规定给予或允许的特权。通过允许法人对公司的地位，《宪法》和其他法律条款为公司利益提供了与人类类似的利益。

美国叶史瓦大学论文代写：美国历史词汇

Economic Progress
In the 1830, the United States experienced an extraordinary development in all aspects, from political to economic and to social. There was a massive intercontinental emigration to the US wherein almost one fourth of the European labor force and one tenth of the average population in Europe moved to US and boosted the economy of United States. The studies clearly demonstrate the economic progress in the year of 1830 lead to extraordinary growth in labor force which stood the same till World War I (Tocqueville, 2010). The capital stock of US also increased rapidly and steadily. One of the most common problem faces by country in 1830 was inadequate transportation due to which there were no reliable and efficient means of carrying the goods and other products to the interior.

Privilege “personhood” of the Cooperation
Personhood refers to the status of an individual. The concept or term of personhood is closely related to the political and legal aspects of liberty, equality, and citizenship. The term was widely used during the fight for women’s rights and abolition of slavery and is a topic of international debate (Pavone, 2011). In today’s era, within corporate and statutory law, there are certain social constructs which are significantly perceived as persons. Within many legal provisions, legal entities and some corporations are perceived as legal individuals or persons with standing to be sued or to sue in the court. This is known as privilege “personhood” of the cooperation. The concept of personhood is significant as the same help in protection of the rights and institutionalization of human beings. It also strengthens the premise of Constitution. It perceives that corporations are not persons and are inclusive of only those privileges which are granted or permitted to them by legal provisions. Through permitting the status of legal persons to the corporations, the Constitution and other legal provisions serve corporate interests similar to that of humans.

美国论文代写：经营综合报告

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美国论文代写：经营综合报告

在U.S.A的前2家零售店是沃尔玛和Costco。我们选择的公司在本报告是Costco和报告将评估全球的整体财务表现将如何评估公司的价值链活动已经从实力。Costco是一个零售产品的最大卖家在美国运作一个类似规模的时候比较沃尔玛。我们将分析如何成本取得竞争优势与劣势由于其业务。该报告还将分析Costco和沃尔玛的财务绩效，同时评估公司的职位。利用财务分析比率，我们可以评价Costco的业务的各个方面以及沃尔玛可以评估是否有任何竞争优势或劣势Costco在沃尔玛。
Costco的价值链分析
价值链分析的核心目的是评估和分析好市多仓储公司价值链分析的战略意义。在一个像Costco批发公司进行价值链分析，理想的策略是在分解公司的业务结构为各部门的业务活动和业务活动。这有助于识别一家公司的优势和劣势，而与它的业务对手相比。价值链分析有助于确定公司的商业机会。除此之外，价值链有助于建立业务活动的相对影响，从而确定业务联系和降低成本。
Costco的价值链是由运营、物流、营销、销售、物流、服务和支持。
价值链有助于研究长期在Costco的生长相关的业务活动之间的关系和联系。企业的目标是确定核心竞争力，并减少在其价值体系内对业务活动施加的负面影响。

美国论文代写：经营综合报告

One of the top 2 retail stores in the U.S.A is Wal-Mart and Costco. Our chosen company in this report is Costco and the report will evaluate the overall financial performance of Costco and will evaluate how the company’s value chain activities have gone from strength to strength. Costco is one of the largest sellers of retail products within the USA and operate on a similar scale when compare to Wal-Mart. We will thus analyze how Costco has gained competitive advantage and disadvantage due to its business operations. The report will also analyze the financial performance of Costco and Wal-Mart and will evaluate the position of both the companies. By using financial analysis ratios, we can evaluate various aspects of the business operations of Costco as well as Wal-Mart and can thus evaluate if Costco has any competitive advantage or disadvantage over Wal-Mart.
Value Chain Analysis of Costco
The core purpose for value chain analysis is to assess and analyze the strategic significance of value chain analysis for Costco Wholesale Corporation. In conducting a value chain analysis for a wholesale company like Costco, the ideal strategy is in disaggregating a company’s business structure into various divisional business and operational activities. This helps in identifying strengths and weaknesses of a company when compared to its business rivals. Value chain analysis helps in identifying business opportunities for a company. Apart from that, value chain can help in establishing relative impact of business activity which identifies business link and reduction is cost.
Value chain of Costco is comprised of operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, inbound logistics and service and support.
Value chain helps in examining relation and link between business activities related to Costco’s growth in the long-term. The aim of a business is in identifying core competencies and in reducing negative impact which is imposed on the operational activities of a business within its value system.

美国亚特兰大论文代写：智能建筑

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美国亚特兰大论文代写：智能建筑

在画面左上方和下面的图片可以看出，房子的附近，利用自然光。这里可以有效地利用自然光。自然光被认为是这样一种方式，在白天的时间，业主绝对不会使用人工照明，因为阳光会流入房子。这使得房子非常环保，因为业主将有助于节省大量能源。阳光的流动是一个聪明的概念，然而这个概念并不是在效率或美学的折衷中实现的。该玻璃在这样一种方式，他们增加了对地方的艺术感染力和高效的流在白天是在建设的双重优势的使用，因为大部分的光是从日光灯的贡献，如在右上看到的图像实际上是最小的在建筑工程中的应用。
一个具体的细节，突出了在附近的房子建设的方式已被利用的货架创造有用的空间，为业主。这种走廊书架的使用被认为是典型的日本迷你存储架格式。在这些架子的厚度通常在宽度为15mm 450mm范围。近房子在走廊上没有这样的架子结构，大多数的墙壁被认为有这些类型的结构。下面的图片显示了一个近房子的居民将如何利用许多货架。它们可以用来堆放书籍、厨房用品等等。这种多功能用途，提供了一个非常小的空间，实际上是一个优秀的智能建筑标本。正如下图所示，这种建筑不会对美学产生妥协。

美国亚特兰大论文代写：智能建筑

In the top left picture and the bottommost picture it is seen that the near house makes use of natural light. Here efficient use of natural light is seen. The natural light is seen to be used in such a way that during the day time, the owner will absolutely have no use for artificial lighting as sunlight will stream into the house. This makes the house very environmental friendly as the owner will be able to contribute to much energy savings. The sunlight streaming is an intelligent concept, however this concept again is not achieved at a tradeoff to that of efficiency or aesthetics. The use of the glassing in such a way that they add to the artistic appeal to the place and the efficient streaming in of daylight is therefore a dual advantage in construction, since most of the light contribution is from daylight, the use of bulbs such as the one seen in the top right image is actually minimal in construction.
A specific detail that stands out in the construction of the Near house is the way the shelves have been made use of creating useful space for the owner. The use of such corridor bookshelf aspects are seen to be following a typical Japanese mini storage shelf format. These shelves are usually in the range of 450mm in width and 15mm in the thickness. Near house does not have such shelf constructions in the corridor alone, most of the walls are seen to have these types of constructions-the picture below shows how a Near House resident will make use of the many shelves. They can be made use of for stacking books, kitchen items, and more. This multifunctional use, given a very minimal space actually an excellent specimen for intelligent architecture. The architecture does not compromise on the aesthetics either as seen in the below picture.

美国阿布奎基论文代写：建筑艺术

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美国阿布奎基论文代写：建筑艺术

这里正在讨论的实践是富士山建筑师工作室的艺术和建筑的实践和工作。房子的亲密度达到什么程度?作为一种练习，可以说一种形式的舒适和空间的使用。富士山建筑师事务所(Mount Fuji Architects)所遵循的这一做法，在他们试图在近距离的土地上展示舒适的房屋时，表现得相当活跃。东京人口稠密的居住区使建筑难以建造，但人们仍然需要家庭的舒适程度。这需要大量的创新思维。

这里的居民通常只分配非常有限的土地，而在这里，富士山建筑师工作室有一些建筑实践，这些做法可以将这些有限的，有时甚至是不规则的土地利用起来，使建筑产品既舒适又美观。现代建筑理论和研究的格言是解决当前城市生活中出现的问题。在这个上下文中，富士山建筑师工作室提供了帮助解决这些问题的解决方案。在城市生活日益增长的问题上，真正的建筑通常被认为是一种“解决质量问题的设计”。

然而，架构不应该仅仅是解决城市问题的建筑对象。它的目的是解决所有者的需要。房子的主人或主人对房子的期望将超过住房问题。在这样的情况下，富士山建筑师工作室将真正地利用景观。勒·柯布西耶的建筑风格主要集中于展示现代建筑的类似景观。为了将景观引入建筑设计(Knoll,2010年)，我们使用了一个开放的计划和立面。虽然富士山建筑师不使用这种形式的免费立面，因为没有大型的景观，他们仍然最大限度地利用土地，以带来一种舒适和美学的设计。城市景观被适当地使用，答案不仅是城市填充物，而是由建筑师作为一个理论和构想的问题来处理，在那里他们创造了一个合理的和美学的答案(Arch Daily,2011)。架构师说他们在他们的流程中创建了新旧之间的对话。

美国阿布奎基论文代写：建筑艺术

Practice that is being discussed here is the practice and the work of art and architecture of the Mount Fuji Architects Studio. What does the closeness of houses achieve? Considered as a practice it can be said that a form of coziness and a use of space is achieved. The practice that is followed by the Mount Fuji Architects Studio is one that is quite dynamic in its representations as they attempt to present comfortable houses in really closeted lands. The dense residential area of Tokyo makes it impossible for building to be constructed spaciously; however people still need the comfort level within their homes. This requires a lot of innovative thinking.
Inhabitants are usually allotted only very limited lands and here Mount Fuji Architects Studio has construction practices that take these limited and sometimes even irregular lands and makes a architectural products out of them that is both comfortable and aesthetic. The motto of modern architectural theory and studies are to solve the problems that arise for current urban living. In this context Mount Fuji Architects Studio presents solutions that help in addressing them. Real architecture in the context of growing issues in urban living is often viewed with a sense of ‘a design for solving a mass problem’ aspect.
However, architecture should not only be a built object that solves a problem for the city. It has to aim to solve the needs of the owner. The owner or the occupant of the house will have expectations from the house that will go beyond a housing problem. In doing so, Mount Fuji Architects Studio will actually make intelligent use of the landscape. The architecture of Le Corbusier is seen to be mainly focused on a similar use of landscape for presenting modern architecture. An open plan and facades are used in order to bring in the landscape into the building design (Knoll, 2010). While Mount Fuji Architect does not use such forms of free façade because of the absence of a large landscape, they still make maximum use of the land in order to bring in a cozy and aesthetic design. The urban landscape is used appropriately and the answer is not just urban filler, but is handled by the architects as a theorized and formulated problem where they create a logical and aesthetic answer (Arch Daily, 2011). The Architects state that they create a dialogue between the old and the new in their processes.

美国拉斯维加斯论文代写：就业法

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美国拉斯维加斯论文代写：就业法

解雇雇员时，雇主必须有正当理由解雇雇员。被认为是有效的解雇员工的原因包括员工的能力或行为或冗余。同时，它也可以阻止员工从事他们的工作，比如司机失去驾驶执照。同时，也有一些其他原因可以被视为公平解雇雇员。有时，这些原因也被称为“其他实质原因”。但是，即使有正当理由解雇雇员，雇主在解雇雇员时也要合理行事，这是很重要的。在这方面，需要注意的是，虽然合理性没有得到法律上的界定，但有一些因素可能会考虑就业或劳资审裁处。例如，在这种情况下，如果雇主普遍认为解雇的理由是公平的。同时，雇主亦已进行适当调查，并已跟进有关程序。解雇员工的理由的合理性，也可能取决于员工是否能够理解其行为的后果（瓦特，2000）。
因此，当雇员被解雇的雇主立即，没有任何通知或支付鉴于该通知，一般应该有严重的不当行为的部分员工如盗窃，暴力或欺诈。即使是由雇主，雇员被解雇了公平还是不公平解雇的索赔可向雇主如果雇主认为，在被免职的原因是不真实的或原因被解雇是不公平的或如果员工认为雇主是不合理的，如未能提供足够的警告，以员工（Morris，2000）。同时，也有一些原因被认为是不公平的。这些原因与怀孕、家庭无关，担任雇员代表或工会代表、加入或不加入工会、歧视、工资和工作时间和吹口哨（骑士，2000）。

美国拉斯维加斯论文代写：就业法

While dismissing an employee, it is essential that the employer should have a valid reason to dismiss the employee. The reasons that are considered valid for dismissing an employee include the capability or conduct of the employees or redundancy. At the same time, it can be something that precludes the employees from doing their job, like a case where a driver loses his or her driving license. At the same time, there can also be some other reasons that can be considered as fair for dismissing an employee. Sometimes, these reasons are also known as ‘other substantial reasons’. However, even if there is a fair reason to dismiss an employee, it is significant that the employer acts reasonably while dismissing the employee. In this regard it needs to be noted that while reasonableness has not been legally defined, but there are certain factors that may be considered by an employment or industrial tribunal. For example in such a case, it is seen if it was generally believed by the employer that the reason to dismiss was fair. At the same time, it is also seen in proper investigations have been made by the employer, where appropriate and relevant procedures have been followed. The reasonableness of a reason for dismissing an employee may also depend on the fact is the employee can be expected to understand the consequences of his or her behaviour (Watt, 2000).
Therefore, when an employee is dismissed by the employer instantly, without any notice or pay in view of the notice, generally there should be gross misconduct on the part of the employees like theft, violence or fraud. Even if, it is believed by the employer that the employee has been dismissed fairly, still a claim for unfair dismissal can be made against the employer if the employer believes that the reason behind the dismissal was not the real one or the reason for dismissal was unfair or if the employee believes that the employer has acted unreasonably, like a failure to give sufficient warning to the employee (Morris, 2000). At the same time, there are certain reasons that are automatically considered as unfair. These reasons unrelated with pregnancy, family, acting as employee representative or trade union representative, joining or not joining the trade union, discrimination and pay and working hours and whistle blowing (Knight, 2000).

美国路易维尔市论文代写：汇率和股市

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美国路易维尔市论文代写：汇率和股市

根据Ajayi和Mougoue的说法，他们研究了汇率和股票价格之间短期和长期的关系。最有趣的事实与短期影响加拿大市场的结果有关。他们发现，股票价格的上涨会导致加拿大证券市场的货币贬值。另外，随着股市的上涨，也有迹象表明，在经济中，随着通货膨胀率的上升，经济会出现扩张。许多外国股东和投资者对通货膨胀的上升持相反的看法。他们对硬币的需求下降了，因此这是一种贬值(Kutty,2010)。根据货币对股票市场的影响，一些研究人员发现，货币贬值促使短期内股票价格下跌，与上面所提到的一致。几位作者还澄清了这种消极的关系，这表明随着汇率的贬值，以后会有更高的扩张，这使得投资者对未来的组织的表现感到怀疑。因此，股票价格下跌。

汇率和股市之间的关系已经引起了金融专家和政策制定者的一致考虑，基本上是基于他们都认为重要的部分影响了一个国家的经济发展。这一关系被原教旨主义投机者和其他政策制定者用来预测彼此未来的模式，并被视为一个重要的工具。再一次，最近的研究发现，从长远来看，这两个变量之间没有相互作用。一个国家的货币可以更有利可图的世界连接到剩下的两个基本方面:当衡量货币的单位可在全球地方市场却降低了(例如,当美联储扩大利率和理由减少开支),或对特定货币的增加。汇率和股票价格之间的关系一直是学术界和政策制定者们广泛考虑的问题。

美国路易维尔市论文代写：汇率和股市

According to Ajayi and Mougoue, they explore the short-and long- run relationship between the exchange rates and prices of stock. The most interesting fact is related to the outcomes on short run impacts in the Canadian markets. They find that an increase in the prices of stocks causes the deterioration of the currency for Canadian Security Markets. It is also clarified that with the rise in the stock market is, there is an indication of an expansion within an economy, which runs together with the expectation of higher inflation. Many foreign shareholders and investors make a perception of the rise in the inflation contrarily. Their demand for the coin drops and hence there is a depreciation for it then(Kutty, 2010).In accordance with the effect of currency on the stock market, several researchers find that the depreciation of currency prompts a decrease in the prices of stocks in the short run, likewise consistent with what is mentioned above. Several authors also clarify this negative relationship which indicates that with the depreciation of the exchange rate, there is a higher expansion later on, which makes investors doubtful about the performance of organizations in future. Thus, there is a drop in the stock prices.
The relationship between the exchange rate and the stock market has drawn the consideration of financial specialists and policy makers alike, basically on the grounds that they both assume critical parts in impacting the advancement of a nation’s economy. This relationship has been used by fundamentalist speculators and other policy makers to anticipate the future patterns for one another, and has been seen as an important device. Then again, recent studies have observed that there is no co integration between the two variables within the long run.The currency of a nation can get to be more profitable in connection to whatever remains of the world in two fundamental ways: when the measure of the units of currency that is available within the world place for market is decreased (for instance, when the Fed expands the rates of interest and reasons a decrease in spending), or by an increment in the interest for that specific currency. The way of relationship between exchange rates and stock prices has been a subject of extensive consideration among the various academicians and policy makers (Hashimoto, 2009).

美国利哈伊大学论文代写：电影产业

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美国利哈伊大学论文代写：电影产业

在美国的电影业，在好莱坞的主要电影制片厂六大是华纳兄弟公司，博伟沃尔特迪士尼，第二十世纪福克斯新闻集团、维亚康姆派拉蒙，哥伦比亚或索尼，和通用的NBC环球公司。在2012年度，华纳兄弟公司已经拥有15.4元的股价在这个竞争激烈的市场中取得成功（Interbrand，2012）。随着增长的开始和行业内竞争的加剧，该组织一直面临着维持其在市场中的地位的困难。

成功的因素

电影产业是非常竞争的性质；组织可考虑改进其位置的特别的行为就像在全球的吸引力的一种改进的考虑（Interbrand，2012）。随着技术进步投资的增加，该组织将能够维持其在行业内的竞争优势。

因此，可以说，在华纳兄弟组织的成功的主要因素是竞争的水平，其投资，创新和创新的做法。

比较和竞争数据来源

在编程和内容方面所取得的投资额是最重要的角色。该组织认为，作为一个增加的分销系统的范围，将导致最终用户的扩散（标准普尔，2004）。这有助于为他们提供额外的竞争优势，因为它似乎迫使内容吸引观众到一些分销平台。

战略问题

有许多业务的挑战，汇聚带领组织走向一个完全数字化的环境。在业务范围内，人们发现组织内部的组织之间缺乏相互联系和融合。除此之外，有越来越大的压力成本和缩小窗口（Interbrand发布，2012）。

作为一个重要的业务问题，华纳兄弟认为没有具体的过程，选择哪些电影应。由于这个特殊的问题，有一个冲突的团队成员的工作项目，显着上升的问题，在人力资源管理的问题。

美国利哈伊大学论文代写：电影产业

In the film industry of US, the big six in major film studios of Hollywood are known to be Warner Bros., Buena Vista by Walt Disney, and 20th Century Fox by News Corp., Paramount by Viacom, Columbia or Sony, and Universal by NBC universal Inc. In the year 2012, Warner Bros. had been successful in possessing 15.4 per cent of the shares in this highly competitive market (Interbrand, 2012). With the initiation of growth and increase in the competition within the industry, the organization has been facing difficulties in sustaining its position within the market.

Success Factors

The industry of films is extremely competitive in nature; the organization can consider improving its position by the consideration of particular actions like making an improvement in the global appeal (Interbrand, 2012). With an increase in the investment for technological advancement, the organization will be able to sustain its competitive advantage within the industry.

Hence, it can be stated that the main factors of success in the organization of Warner Bros is the level of competition, its investment, and innovative and creative practices.

Sources of comparative and competitive data

Amount of investment being made in programming and content is known to be playing the most significant role. The organization holds the belief that as an increase in the scope of distribution systems that will result in the proliferation of the end users (Standard & Poor’s, 2004). This contributes in providing them with the extra competitive advantage as it seems to compel the content attracting the audience to a number of distribution platforms.

Strategic Issues

There are a number of business challenges involved that converge for ushering the organization towards a completely digital environment. Within the business, it has been found that there is lack of interconnection and integration amongst the groups within the organization. In addition to this there mounting pressures of cost and shrunken windows on release (Interbrand, 2012).

As a significant operational issue, Warner Bros considers no concrete process for the selection of which films should be made. Because of this particular issue, there is a clash in the ideas of team members working on projects that give a significant rise to the issues in management of human resource.

美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写：经济衰退

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美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写：经济衰退

根据凯因斯的原则，制定国家财政政策的目标是确保每个人都能就业（凯因斯，1980）。政府可能会选择一个自由裁量的财政政策，联邦预算将调整，以加快赤字开支。也有另一种方法称为自动稳定器，其中的政策将建立在税收结构。自由裁量的财政政策在美国只使用了两个时期。它主要是用在1981-1982年经济衰退和2008-2009年的时间后。在2008-2009年的经济刺激中，政府试图建立一个财政刺激计划，导致了巨额赤字。自动稳定器也被用于在这个时候，和自动稳定器的刺激被认为是更有效的比自由裁量的财政政策风格刺激。这是观察到的赤字在非自由裁量权的方式。
在经济衰退时期推出的主要财政政策之一是美国复苏和再投资法案。在经济衰退时期，为了刺激经济需要大量资金涌入，当时的贝拉克·奥巴马总统批准了一项7870亿美元的一揽子经济刺激计划。这种刺激的主要特权是确保企业能够严重的经济（史高丽，2009）。人们在那时被给予失业援助，医疗补助是为了提供这种帮助。教育机构也通过财政预算维持运行。个别拨款的开支及授权由管理及预算办公室规管。有一些担心从早期存在，如充足的数据文件的支出。在这项财政政策执行期间，文件和会计工作都做得更清楚了。在民主党和共和党2009的辩论中，一项花费了4100亿美元的法案通过，在同一年签署（CFG，2009）。

美国加利福尼亚大学论文代写：经济衰退

According to Keynes the principle objective in the context of formulating a fiscal policy for the state is to ensure that everybody is employed (Keynes, 1980). Governments might choose either a discretionary fiscal policy where the federal budgeting will be adjusted so as to rev up the deficit spending. Alternatively there is another approach called the automatic stabilizers, where the policy will be built in the tax structure. Discretionary fiscal policy has only been used in two periods in the United States. Primarily it was used in the recession of 1981-1982 and later in the time period of 2008-2009. For economic stimulation in 2008-2009, the Government attempted to create a fiscal stimulus which resulted in a large deficit. Automatic stabilizers were also used in this time, and the automatic stabilizer stimulus was seen to be more effective than the discretionary fiscal policy style stimulus. This was observed in the way the deficit created in non-discretionary was higher.
One of the prime fiscal policies that were introduced during the time of the recession was that of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. During the time of the recession where an influx of money was desired to stimulate the economy, the then president Barack Obama authorized a 787 Billion US dollars stimulus package. The primary prerogative of this stimulus was to ensure that businesses were able to severity of the economy (Scully, 2009). People were given unemployment aids at the time and Medicaid was sourced into in order to provide this assistance. Also educational institutions were kept running by using the fiscal policy budget. The spending and the authorization of the individual allocations were regulated by means of the Office of Management and Budget. There were some concerns that existed from earlier times, such as adequate data documentation on the spending. During the period of implementation of this fiscal policy the documentations and accounting were made clearer. After much debates in 2009 between the Democrats and the Republicans, a 410 billion dollar spending bill was passed, it was signed in the same year (CFG, 2009).

美国佐治亚理工学院论文代写：电子测试

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美国佐治亚理工学院论文代写：电子测试

正如本标准的参数所示，歪斜（时间）被称为两个事件之间的持续时间的大小，有理想的同时发生的方式。除此之外，根据这些标准，抖动被称为偏离由基本的标称位置PPL的设备所产生的控制边缘的时间的偏差。这种特殊的标准利用令牌环的结构与光纤作为传输的主要主要介质。按照这一特定标准所规定的，纤维分布数据界面层的物理层的较低层。
一个概念，是更广义的测试是建立在合规的抖动在信号水平的信号相关的相位特性，除了接收器被认为是随着性能相在名义门槛的接收机检测名义交换点。在这个标准的技术报告，MJSQ作为一个特定的文件，在这些信号的规范相关方法基础。用于测试设备输入耐受试验，具体的抖动测量的定义和用途的有效载荷与级联PRBS模拟最坏的情况在测试有的只能是本标准的重要元素。
这些特定的标准有助于指定的测试设备生成和测量的数字系统的同步层次的基础上的数字系统中的漂移和抖动。作为一个推荐的标准，ITU-T g.8264，ITU-T g.8262很重要，和ITU-T g.8261。测量的性能可以在以太网同步系统层的物理形式上完成。在误码率测试中的一个位集可能是类似设备的一个重要部分，或者可以进行物理分离。按照这一特定标准的建议，有建筑的描述中使用的定义在这个特殊标准的建议，考虑与通用架构的功能相关的运输网络[ 29 ]。这个特定的标准的应用，可以在一些映射。对SDH传输网络的相关功能的体系结构进行描述和解释的一般规则被利用在G.805推荐定义。

美国佐治亚理工学院论文代写：电子测试

As stated by the parameters of this standard, skew (time) is referred to as the magnitude of the duration amongst two events that have ideal occurrence in a simultaneous manner. In addition to this, as per these standards, jitter is referred to as the deviation of time of a controlled edge generated by the devices of PPL from the basic nominal position. This particular standards utilize architecture of Token Ring with an optical fibre as the key primary medium of transmission. As specified by this particular standard, the lower level of sub- layer at the physical form of the layer for the Interface of Fibre Distributed Data.
A concept that is more generalized for the testing in compliance of jitter is established where the properties of phase related to the signal at the levels of signal, apart from the nominal switching point of the receiver being considered along with the properties of phase at the nominal threshold for the detection of receiver. In this particular standard, the technical report of MJSQ is utilized as a base for a number of methodologies related to the specification of signals within these particular documents. A test of input tolerance phase for testing equipment, specific jitter measurement definitions and uses payloads with concatenated PRBS for emulating the worst scenario while testing are only some of the important elements of this standard.
These particular standards help in specifying the equipment of test for generating and measuring the wander and jitter in the digital systems on the basis of synchronous hierarchy of the digital world. As a point of recommendation, it is important that the standards ITU-T G.8264, ITU-T G.8262, and ITU-T G.8261. The performance of measurements can be done at the physical form of layer of the synchronous systems of Ethernet. A bit set in the test of error rate may be a significant part of the similar equipment or can be having a physical separation. As per the recommendation of this particular standard, there is utilization of the description in architecture being defined within the recommendations of this particular standard in consideration with the generic architecture of functions related to the networks of transportation [29]. The application of this particular standard can be done on a number of mappings. The architecture of functions related to the transport networks of SDH is described and explained utilizing the generic rules being defined within the recommendation of G.805.

美国论文代写：变革阻力

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美国论文代写：变革阻力

TR有限公司是一个中等规模的生产组织，计划在组织内部进行变革。董事会似乎对效率和产出的水平表示关注，最近一段时间以来，为了彻底提高效率，从根本上重组了部门的划分，已经做出了决定。本案反映了董事总经理、人力资源总监、财务总监和生产总监对实施变更的态度。这种变化正在实施，甚至不通知员工的成员，他们不关心通知他们，即使当它会导致装配线工人的影响。
变革的阻力
对变革的阻力已被确定为一个最重要的因素，可以影响与组织的变化，包括在该技术的新的创新，组织的新结构和新政策的成功。它已由毛瑞尔1996表示，大多数的组织变革实施的努力失败由于缺乏对变革的阻力。因此，抵抗变化是已知的成功或失败的最重要的因素之一。最近以来，对变化的抵抗一直集中在行为的反应上。按照Abolafia和Brower（1995），电阻是指一个特定类型的行动或行动（愚蠢，2010）。然而，Mael和Ashforth（1998）定义了电阻为反抗或作为或不作为故意行为改变（Burke，2011）。
管理者有责任推出主动的变化往往最终归咎于其他人由于失败发生在主动，而不是接受自己的角色在失败。有机会，员工会做同样的事情而非分配给试图在不改变对经理人，而不是自己（卡纳尔，2007）。成功应对阻力的主要因素是代表一种精确的方式变化的能力，描述在单个抗性相关的来源，并为选择和实施的策略，按照什么是适当的为解决和克服这种特定的来源。

美国论文代写：变革阻力

TR Ltd is a manufacturing organization of medium size that is planning to make a change within the organization. The Board of Directors seem to be showing concern towards the levels of efficiency and output, and since recent time a decision has been reached upon for radically reorganizing the division of assembly in persuading the increased level of efficiency. The case reflects the attitude of managing director, human resource director, finance director and the director of production towards the implementation of change. This change is being implemented without even informing the members of the staff and they are not concerned about informing them even when it will result in influencing the assembly line workers.
Resistance to Change
Resistance towards change has been identified as one of the most significant factors that can impact the success related to changes in the organization that include new innovations in the technology, new structure of the organization and new policies. It has been indicated by Maurer 1996 that majority of the efforts for implementation of organizational change fail due to the lack of resistance towards change. Hence, resistance towards change is known to be one of the most significant factors of success or failure. Since recent times, resistance towards change has been focusing on the reaction of behaviour. As per Abolafia and Brower (1995), resistance is referred to as a specific type of inaction or action (Daft, 2010). However, Mael and Ashforth (1998) have defined resistance to change as intentional actions of defiance or commission or omission (Burke, 2011).
Managers having the responsibility to roll out an initiative of change often end up blaming the others due to the failure taking place in the initiative, instead of an acceptance of their own role in the failure. There are chances that the employees will be doing the same thing while the blame is assigned for the attempts in failed change towards the managers, instead of themselves (Carnall, 2007). To successfully deal with the resistance, the major factor is the ability of representing the change in an accurate manner, for describing the sources related to resistance within the individual, and for choosing and implementing the strategies as per what is appropriate in order to address and overcome this particular source.