美国代写essay：殖民主义

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美国代写essay：殖民主义

这本书的主题讨论了那些俘虏或流离失所的美国原住民和当时其他种族的欧亚人民。介绍了由于这种流离失所而产生的结果以及人们如何面对挑战。所有这些成果都不是因为欧亚人造成的生物变化和优势，而是因为欧亚大陆。这是因为该地区野生植物的水平和多样性。动物也存在，这对和平生活有益。钻石在开发本书时一直担任社会学家，因为他正在探索过去发生的事故的答案以及地图如何受到影响。他对非洲人早期人类迁徙到欧亚人和东太平洋等其他种族的迁徙表示兴趣（Diamond，210）。他在此期间密切观察了人类的生物学特征并讨论了它们的发展。

美国代写essay：殖民主义
这种演变以他关于历史的发现以及几起事故如何引发这些革命的形式呈现。戴蒙德想要涵盖世界不同文化之间存在的不同方面和差异，以及食品，技术，写作，宗教和政府等因素如何对人类心理学和生物学的文化和维度产生积极或消极影响。本书的核心内容是关于定居者殖民主义的证据，以及它如何影响后泛大西洋奴隶制及其对世界不同种族的影响。他相信所有这些问题都不是关于人类的地理变化。欧亚人没有系统的力量，而且今天也不存在。

美国代写essay：殖民主义

Main theme of the book discusses about the Eurasian people who have captured or displaced Native Americans and other races that were present that time. Arguments are presented about the outcomes that came as a result of this displacement and how people faced challenges. All these outcomes were not because of the biological changes and advantages posed by Eurasians but it was because of the Eurasian continent. It was because of the high level and diversity of the wild plants in the area. Animals were also present that were good for living a life peacefully. Diamond has worked as a sociologist while developing this book because he was exploring the answers to the accidents that happened during the past and how the mapping was impacted. He has shown interest in the mappings of migrations of early human races like Africans to Eurasians and other races like Eastern from pacific oceans (Diamond, 210). He has closely observed the biology of humans during this period and has discussed about their evolution.

美国代写essay：殖民主义
This evolution is presented in the form of his findings about the history and how several accidents have given birth to these revolutions. Diamond wanted to cover the different aspects and differences that were present between different cultures of the world and how elements like food, technology, writing, religion and government positively or negatively impact on the cultures and dimensions of human psychology and biology. Heart of the book is about the evidence that explains about the settler colonialism and how it’s after effects impacted on the Trans Atlantic slavery and its consequences on different races of the world. He believed that all these issues were not about the geographic transformations of humans. Eurasians did not have the power that was systematic and which is not present today.

美国代写论文：古巴革命

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美国代写论文：古巴革命

之后，1959年发生了古巴革命。由菲德尔卡斯特罗领导，这是美国外交政策在拉丁美洲被击败的第一次。 1961年，古巴成为不结盟运动的成员，并开始采取若干措施改变其经济形势，结果美国增加了对古巴的贸易限制（称为美国经济封锁）。美国通过禁止进口糖类和石油出口来对古巴实施进出口限制，古巴整个经济都依赖这种限制。菲德尔卡斯特罗开始古巴革命后，许多古巴人飞往美国。后来在1961年，美国训练并装备古巴难民作为游击队部队，并让他们攻击菲德尔卡斯特罗。然而，这次袭击证明是无效的，未能摧毁他。

美国代写论文：古巴革命
这被称为猪湾。中央情报局希望这次失败事件能够保密，但广播电台很快播出了整个情节，描述了事件的每一个细节。此前，许多古巴的财产都是以美国人的名义。古巴每次将房产国有化时，美国都增加了古巴的贸易限制。由此，古巴开始与苏联展开贸易关系，苏联同意从古巴进口糖。美国破坏性地试图袭击古巴领导人并杀死他们。据信，在1960年至1965年之间，有8次企图谋杀卡斯特罗。美国因其失败而遭到破坏，在古巴安装了核导弹（Ami，2001年）。这导致了古巴导弹危机，因为导弹被植入离美国90英里远。这一事件表明，两个超级大国都没有准备好进行核战争。苏联同意取消导弹以换取美国时，避免了这场灾难。

美国代写论文：古巴革命

After that, in 1959, there occurred the Cuban Revolution. Headed by Fidel Castro, it was the very first time when the US foreign policy was defeated in Latin America. In 1961, Cuba became a member of the Non-Alignment Movement and started taking several measures in order to change its economic situation, as a result of which U.S. increased the trade restrictions on Cuba (called U.S. economic blockade). The U.S. imposed the import-export restrictions on Cuba by banning the import of sugar and export of oil, on which the entire Cuban economy depended. After Fidel Castro started the Cuban Revolution, many Cubans flew to the United States. Later in 1961, United States trained, and equipped the Cuban refugees as the Guerrilla force and made them to attack Fidel Castro. The attack however proved to be ineffective and failed to destroy him.

美国代写论文：古巴革命
This was known as the Bay of Pigs. The CIA wanted this incident of failure to be kept as a secret but a radio station soon broadcasted the whole scenario, describing every details of the incident. Earlier, many of the Cuban properties were on the name of Americans. Every time Cuba nationalized the property, US increased the trade restrictions of Cuba. As a result of this, Cuba started to initiate its trade relations with the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union agreed to import sugar from Cuba. U.S., devastatingly tried to attack the Cuban leader and kill them. It is believed that in between 1960 to 1965, eight attempts were plotted to kill Castro. The United States, devastated with its failures, installed nuclear missiles in Cuba (Ami, 2001). This lead to Cuban Missile Crisis, as the missile was implanted just 90 miles away from the U.S. This incident showed that none of the two superpowers were ready for the nuclear war. The disaster was avoided when Soviet Union agreed to remove the missile in exchange of U.S.

美国代写论文：股东沟通机制

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美国代写论文：股东沟通机制

解决与股东沟通障碍的主要步骤是确定阻碍信息顺利转换的各种障碍。这可以通过公司以透明方式与更多股东进行交流的意愿来分享所有细节，也可以通过股东理解他们的投票权和作为少数股东的限制来解决。股权数量的限制不应该意味着咨询角色的限制，这可以帮助公司在其运营中获得更多利润。这可以通过建立一个有意义的股东参与平台来实现，该平台可以公正地审查公司事务，否则公司董事和管理层可能会低报或错误地管理公司资本和储备[财政部，提交17，p。 4]。

美国代写论文：股东沟通机制
除了股东周年大会之外，还应该有一种沟通机制，看到定期需要做出重大决策的公司的快速增长。这可以帮助他们参与之间的一些薄弱环节，并帮助建立和谐关系。除了股东周年大会之外，还必须向机构和零售股东提供详细和非正式的简报，这可以让零售股东意识到他们和机构股东在公司行为中的作用。这将改善管理层的责任，并让股东知道管理层坚持正确使用他们的权力。这最终有可能改善公司治理标准。公司可以通过改进披露方法改善某些信息流，并使零售股东变得更加简单。投票是改善公司治理的重要机制，如果代理人不被允许投票，投票可能会更好。这可以通过引入大多数股东可投票的简单投票方法来完成，特别是零售股东。

美国代写论文：股东沟通机制

The primary step in addressing the communication hurdle with shareholders is to identify various barriers which restrict a smooth transformation of information. This can be solved by the willingness of the company to engage with more shareholders in a transparent manner sharing all details, and also by the shareholders by understanding their right to vote and their limitations of being minority shareholders. Limitations in the number of shareholding should not mean a limitation in the advisory role which could help the company to become more profitable in its operations. This could happen by having a meaningful shareholder engagement platform which could examine the company affairs in a just way, failing which there is a potential chance of the company directors and management underreporting or mismanaging the company capital and reserves[ Treasury, Submission 17, p.4 ].

美国代写论文：股东沟通机制
There should be a mechanism of communication in addition to the AGM seeing the rapid growth of companies who periodically requires taking major decisions. This can aid some weak link between their engagement and help in creating a harmonising relationship. There must be a detailed as well as informal briefings with institutional and retail shareholders in addition to the AGM, which can make the retail shareholders aware about their and the institutional shareholders role in the company’s conduct. This will improve the management’s responsibility and the shareholders will know the management’s adherence to the rightful use of their powers. This ultimately has the potential of improving the corporate governance standards. The company could improve certain information flows with improving disclosure methods and make to more simple for retail shareholders. Voting is an important mechanism to improve corporate governance and it could work better if proxies are not allowed to vote. This can be done by bringing in simple voting methods where most shareholders can vote, especially the retail shareholders.

美国论文代写：政府干预市场

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美国论文代写：政府干预市场

政府干预的原因是为了达到社会效率和公平。当生产或消费的边际收益等于生产或消费的边际成本时，社会收益就会实现。当存在外部成本时，市场将显示生产和消费高于社会效率水平。外部收益将显示出相反的效果。公共产品的外部收益远远超过私人产品。为了避免免费搭车，政府不得不干预（Heijman，2007）。垄断产出将低于社会效率水平。这将导致消费者和生产者剩余的损失。有时对需求和供应变化的反应是不够的。

美国论文代写：政府干预市场
为了引入纠正措施，政府将会进行干预。政府提出了规范垄断市场和寡头垄断的法律。因此，消费者受到保护。监管机构的设立是为了监督和控制不需要的做法。由私营部门提供的信息可能并不完整，因此政府干预提供信息以及商品和服务。污染被视为免费商品，是负面外部性的例子。有一些环境政策提出要求生产或消费的全部成本由生产者或消费者支付。例如“工作中的健康和安全法案”涵盖了所有公共和私营部门企业（Heijman，2007）。处理耐用品如汽车，电池和冰柜应符合欧盟的指令。

美国论文代写：政府干预市场

The reason for governmental interference is to attain social efficiency and equity. Social benefits are achieved when the marginal benefits from production or consumption are equal to the marginal cost of production or consumption. When there is an external cost, the market will show production and consumption above the socially efficient level. The external benefits will show a reverse effect. An external benefit on public goods is more than private goods. To avoid a free ride by not contributing to the costs, the government has to interfere (Heijman, 2007). The output in monopoly will be below the socially efficient level. This will lead to loss of consumer and producer surplus. Sometimes the response to changes in demand and supply is not adequate.

美国论文代写：政府干预市场
To introduce corrective measures, the government will interfere. The government puts forth laws to regulate monopoly markets and oligopoly. Hence the consumer is protected. Regulatory bodies are set up to monitor and control unwanted practices. Information provided by the private sector may not be complete so the government interferes to provide information as well as goods and services. Pollution is treated as a free good and is an example for negative externality. There are environmental policies which puts forth the requirement that the full cost of production or consumption is paid by those who produce or consume. For example Health and Safety at Work Act Covers all public and private sector businesses (Heijman, 2007). The disposing of durables such as cars, batteries, and freezers should be as per the directives given by the European Union.

美国论文代写：营销策略

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美国论文代写：营销策略

情况分析
为了提供该组织的分析情况，对所选组织进行SWOT分析很重要。这是因为对SWOT的分析有助于了解组织的优势，利润以及公司在哪些地方可以进一步发展：
优势：
该组织被称为品牌：这意味着该组织能够使自己在外部市场中得到认可。由于该组织在中国通过广告或其他媒体来源广为人知，所以当Sainsbury成为品牌时，它很容易进入中国市场。

美国论文代写：营销策略
营销策略的有效性：就像所有的公司一样，Sainsbury的组织也能够以最好的方式应用营销策略。该公司也遵循了相同的多年，这就是为什么这家商店受到大多数客户青睐的原因（Davidow＆Uttal，2010）。中国消费者的看法也是通过调查进行说明的。
人力资源政策：公司按照为所有员工提供相同数量的机会而工作，而不会对任何员工不公平。这种政策的使用将使越来越多的中国人加入该公司，因为这种有效的政策对待上面的员工。
所有商店的位置都很方便。组织将在中国国内建立类似的位置。这个位置也将使中国的顾客能够方便地来到他们喜爱的Sainsbury商店购物。

美国论文代写：营销策略

Situation Analysis
In order to provide analytical situation of this organization, it would be important to carry out the analysis of SWOT for the selected organization. This is because the analysis of SWOT helps in understanding the organization strengths, profits and where it lacks along with all places where the company can grow further:
Strengths:
The organization is called as a brand: This implies that the organization is able to make itself recognized in the outside market. It will be easy for Sainsbury to enter the market of China when recognition as a brand is concerned because the organization is well known in China through advertisements or other sources of media.

美国论文代写：营销策略
The strategy of marketing used with effectiveness: Just as all companies, the organization of Sainsbury is also able to apply the strategy of marketing in the best possible way. The company has followed the same for many years and this is the reason why the store is admired by most of the customers (Davidow & Uttal, 2010). The same is the perception of Chinese customers which has been illustrated through conduction of surveys.
Policy of human resources: The Company works in accordance to provide all the employees with same number of opportunities without being unfair to any of the employees. The use of such a policy will make more and more people in China to join the company because of such an effective policy that treats its employees above.
The Location of all the stores is convenient. A similar location will be looked by the organization while establishing itself in the country of China. This location will also be such that the customers of China are able to come conveniently and shop in their favorite store of Sainsbury.

美国路易斯安那州立大学论文代写：商务谈判

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美国路易斯安那州立大学论文代写：商务谈判

商务谈判
俄罗斯的商务谈判需要时间。俄罗斯人脾气暴躁，可能会威胁终止诉讼。他们不喜欢做出仓促的决定。
俄罗斯人喜欢技术细节，所以在谈判时，确保您了解所有技术方面的知识。
层次结构在谈判中起着重要作用。最资深的人会有最后的发言权。排名，年龄，职位是重要因素（Fey，Denison，2003）
俄罗斯人不相信妥协。他们认为妥协是弱点的表现，只相信双赢局面。因此，在谈判期间准备好让步。
确保你没有受到任何时间限制的压力。俄罗斯人可能会在谈判期间用它作为武器
在合同签署之前，不要期望任何事情是最终的。 （Hendon 1996）

美国路易斯安那州立大学论文代写：商务谈判
着装
在俄罗斯，商人大多是正式和保守地穿着
总是穿着微妙和柔和的颜色。明亮的色彩和时髦的印花可能会表明你不认真。
男士应该和领带一起穿西装。女性应该穿西装或覆盖膝盖的裙子。
结论
俄罗斯是一个利润丰厚的商业和投资目的地。但由于缺乏改革和腐败普遍，在俄罗斯做生意并不容易（见附录3）。企业文化，沟通风格，会议，团队合作，着装规范，性别角色等方面有很多方面，这与英国或美​​国公司的文化形成鲜明对比。俄罗斯无法摆脱苏联时代灌输的价值观。他们仍然在专制管理风格上工作，这与英国董事会（董事会）是决策者的英国团队管理风格完全相反。因此，通过深入研究俄罗斯人的商业文化和商业礼仪，俄罗斯人如何做生意是非常必要的。对这些领域的详细了解将使任何组织都能在俄罗斯的土壤上取得成功。

美国路易斯安那州立大学论文代写：商务谈判

Business Negotiation
Business negotiations take time in Russia. Russians are short tempered and may threaten to terminate proceedings. They don’t like making hasty decisions.
Russians like technical details, so while negotiating, make sure you are aware of all technical aspects.
Hierarchy plays an important role in negotiation. The most senior person would have a final say. Rank, age, position are important factors.(Fey, Denison 2003)
Russians do not believe in compromise. They take compromise as a sign of weakness and believe only in win-lose situation. So, be ready for concessions during negotiation.
Make sure that you are not under pressure of any time deadline. Russians may use this as a weapon during negotiation
Don’t expect anything to be final until a contract is signed. (Hendon 1996)

美国路易斯安那州立大学论文代写：商务谈判
Dressing
In Russia, businessmen are mostly formally and conservatively dressed
Always wear subtle and subdued colours. Bright colours and funky prints may give an indication that you are not serious.
Men should wear suit along with tie. Women should wear suit or skirt that covers the knee.
Conclusion
Russia is a lucrative destination for business and investment. But it’s not easy to do business in Russia for the reasons of being lack of reforms and widespread corruption (See Appendix 3). There are many aspects like corporate culture, communication style, meetings, teamwork, dress code, gender roles etc. That is quite in contrast to culture of UK or American companies. Russia has not been able to break away from the values that were instilled during Soviet era. They still work on autocratic management style that is totally opposite to UK’s team management style where BOD’s (Board of Directors) are the decision makers. Thus, it is imperative to have a clear understanding of how Russians do business by deeply studying their business culture and business etiquettes. A detailed understanding of these areas would make any organization taste success on Russian soil.

美国代写essay：廉价劳动力

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美国代写essay：廉价劳动力

在所有这些社区和城市官员公司的这些促进活动之后，道义和道义上的责任也是义务论理论中定义的，以履行他们早先对雇员的责任（Sadler，n.d.）。通过外包，该公司估计每年可节省1000万美元，但工人们已经准备好牺牲他们的薪水和福利，以保留该公司在该镇的存在。根据第一笔交易，他们在第三年后提供900万美元的福利，第二笔交易中他们同意在第三年后提供1200万美元的福利，这比他们通过在印度外包获得的收益更多。

美国代写essay：廉价劳动力
即使在所有这些工人提供的牺牲，如果公司立即关闭其从镇的业务，从功利角度来看是非常不道德的，因为公司的这种行为将导致员工的负面后果。如果公司想要不惜一切代价外包，他们应该制定短期和长期的外包战略，并且在短期内可以外包少量业务，长期来看应该以他们能够在当地工作的方式进行计划以同样的速度外包，以便双方都能从中受益。
在过去的几年中，由于欠发达国家的廉价劳动力（Kirkegaard，2003），美国的白领职业外包趋势有所增加。通常外包的工作范围从低技能数据输入工作到需要更多教育和技能的高级工作，包括信息技术和会计。由于北美自由贸易协定（Gutman，2004），美国的外包在1993年以非常快的速度增长。

美国代写essay：廉价劳动力

After all these facilitations by the community and city officials company also has the moral as well as ethical responsibility as defined in theory of deontology to fulfil its duties towards employs that they made earlier (Sadler, n.d.). Through outsourcing the company has estimated to save $10 Million in a year however the workers are ready to sacrifice their salaries and benefits in order to retain the company’s presence in the town. According to the first deal they were providing$9 Million benefit after third year and in second deal they are agreed to provide $12 Million benefit after third year which is more than the benefit that they can gain through outsourcing in India.

美国代写essay：廉价劳动力
Even after all these sacrifices offered by the workers if company at once close its operations from the town it is very unethical from utilitarian perspective because this action of the company will cause negative after-effects among employees. If the company wants to outsource at any cost they should plan short term and long term strategies for outsourcing and in short term they can outsource few operations, in long term that should plan in a manner that they could be able to work locally as well as outsource at the same pace so that they can gain benefit from both sides.
In the past few years an outsourcing trend of white collar professions has increased in America due to the cheap labour available in less developed countries (Kirkegaard, 2003). The jobs that are typically outsourced range from low skilled jobs of data entry to high level jobs that require more education and skills including Information Technology and accounting. In USA outsourcing increased at a very fast pace in 1993 due to the North American Free Trade Agreement (Gutman, 2004).

美国代写论文：员工年龄歧视

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美国代写论文：员工年龄歧视

有时候雇主会把年纪较大的工人换成较年轻的工人，作为降低工资和避免养老金支出的一种节约成本的方法。此外，在职培训和晋升可以保留给年轻的劳动力，并且支付的健康福利可以保留在支票上，并且可以留给被认为更有价值，更便宜和更可行的长期投资的年轻员工。

美国代写论文：员工年龄歧视
后果
也可以看出歧视的经历也是一种压力。因此，不同研究报告称，员工的工作满意度和组织承诺受到歧视感的影响，同时也增加了工作紧张程度。此外，可以说，认为社会认同可以基于年龄，因为它可能是一个显着的个人特征（Kimmel 1988）。此外，个人可能会预期会有否定的回应，因为一个人倾向于重新评估他们与组织成员以及组织成员之间的关系。 Gutek在1996年进行的一项研究表明，在性别歧视方面，认为那些觉得自己的性别成员处于不利地位并可能从组织身上或情感上被撤回的人。

在工作场所，基于年龄的歧视与分级程序中的性别，种族和阶级有关。因此，许多人认为，过去的分层文献很少涉及与年龄歧视和年龄歧视有关的问题，这可能令人非常惊讶。

美国代写论文：员工年龄歧视

Sometimes the employers see the replacement of the older workers with the younger ones as a cost saving method which decreases wages and avoids pension payouts. In addition, on the job training and promotion could be reserved for the younger workforce and health benefits payouts could be held in check and could be reserved for the younger employees who are regarded as more worthy, cheaper and a more feasible long term investment.

美国代写论文：员工年龄歧视
Consequences
It is also as a stressor that the experience of discrimination could be seen. Hence, it has been reported in various studies that the job satisfaction of employees and organizational commitment is impacted by the perceived discrimination and at the same time it also increases the level of work tension. Moreover, it could be said that the perceived social identify could be based on the age as it might be a salient personal feature (Kimmel 1988). Moreover, a negative response might be anticipated by an individual because a person tends to reassess the relationship they hold with the members of the organization and also with the organization. In one of the studies conducted by Gutek in the year 1996 suggested in reference to sex discrimination that individuals who feel that members of their sex are disadvantaged and might be withdrawn physically or emotionally from the organization.
In workplace, discrimination on the basis of age is as much part of the stratification procedure as the ones relating to gender, race and class. Thus, it might be very surprising to many that the stratification literature from the past rarely deals with the problems which is related to age discrimination and ageism.

美国代写论文：客户满意度

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美国代写论文：客户满意度

在过去进行的大量研究中，服务质量被认为是重要的。例如，Ranaweera和Neely（2004）开展的一项研究侧重于分析高质量客户保留环节的存在，并且研究的进行揭示了显着的调查结果。在研究中评估过，服务质量的感知与客户满意度及其在组织内的保留直接相关。通过专注于质量因素，零售公司可以确保客户更好的整体满意度，因此，他们可以期望将其留在组织内（Ranaweera and Neelym，2003）。同样，Gomez，McLaughlin和Wittink（2004）进行的一项研究表明，由于满意的客户将会增加公司的收入，因为他们可能会再次访问以利用其服务。研究表明，超市对顾客满意度提高的重要途径主要是建立顾客满意度管理方案。客户关系管理（CRM）等技术的应用可以实现更高的客户满意度（Gomez，McLaughlin和Wittink，2004）。

美国代写论文：客户满意度
由于客户的满意度被认为是非常重要的，所以对文献的分析表明，研究人员过去也研究了客户满意度与其保留之间相关性的存在。 Ranaweera和Neely（2003）进行的一项研究旨在确定顾客满意度与其在组织内的留存率之间的关系，研究结果揭示了他们之间存在密切联系的调查结果。

美国代写论文：客户满意度

Service quality is identified as important in a large number of studies that have been conducted in the past. As for example, a study as carried out by Ranaweera and Neely (2004) is focused towards analysing the existence of quality-customer retention link and the conduct of the study revealed significant level of findings. It has been evaluated in the study that the perception of service quality delivered is directly related to the customer satisfaction and their retention within the organisation. By focusing on the quality factors in particular, the retail firms can ensure the better overall satisfaction of customers, and with this, they can expect of retaining them within the organisation (Ranaweera and Neelym, 2003). Similarly, a study was conducted by Gomez, McLaughlin and Wittink (2004) indicated that there would be rise in the revenue of the company from satisfied customers because they would likely to visit again in order to avail its services. The study indicated that an important way in which the satisfaction of customers to a higher level can be achieved in supermarkets is mainly by way of establishing customer satisfaction management programs in particular. There could be the application of techniques such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in achieving higher customer satisfaction level (Gomez, McLaughlin and Wittink, 2004).

美国代写论文：客户满意度
As the satisfaction of customer is identified as highly important, an analysis of the literature indicates that the existence of correlation in respect to customer satisfaction and their retention is also studied by the researchers in the past. A study as carried out by Ranaweera and Neely (2003) is aimed at identifying the link in respect to customer satisfaction and their retention within organisation, and the conduct of the study has revealed findings that there is a close association of link between them.

美国论文代写：波特五力模型

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美国论文代写：波特五力模型

波特五力模型提供了对英国零售行业结构的分析，旨在考察Tesco在英国零售市场的竞争环境。波特五力模型可以描述如下：
替代产品和服务的威胁：零售市场中替代产品和服务的威胁相当低。主要食品零售商的替代品是小型商店连锁店，并不会对大型零售商造成重大威胁（Asker＆McLoughlin，2009）。特易购在减少的过程中为消费者提供高质量的产品，因此替代品的威胁相对较低。

美国论文代写：波特五力模型
新竞争者进入的威胁：食品零售行业对新竞争对手的威胁也很低。在英国零售市场建立品牌名称存在巨大的资本投资障碍（Asker＆McLoughlin，2009）。新进入者必须生产出独特的东西，以低价格建立自己的市场价值。这被证明是新进入食品零售市场的主要障碍。因此，由于巨额资本投资的需求，大型超市连锁企业新进入者的威胁显着降低。竞争对手的竞争力：食品零售行业竞争对手的激烈程度相对较高。特斯科面临来自Asda，Sainsbury和Morrison等竞争对手的激烈竞争，这些竞争者在价格和质量的基础上相互竞争（Asker＆McLoughlin，2009）。特易购正面临来自其他大型零售商的高度竞争，威胁到Tesco市场领导地位。

美国论文代写：波特五力模型

Porter Five force model provides an analysis of the structure of retail industry in the UK in order to examine the competitive environment of Tesco in the UK retail market. Porter five force models can be described as follows:
Threat of substitute product and services: The threat of substitute products and services is considerably lower in the retail market. The substitutes of major food retailers are small chains of stores that do not prove to be major threat to large retailers (Asker & McLoughlin, 2009). Tesco provides high quality products to the consumers at reduced process and thus the threat of substitutes is comparatively lower.

美国论文代写：波特五力模型
Threat of entry of new competitors: Threat of entry of new competitors is also low in the food retail industry. There exists a barrier of huge capital investment to establish a brand name in the retail market of UK (Asker & McLoughlin, 2009). The new entrants have to produce something unique to establish their market value at low prices. This proves to be a major barrier for new entrants entering in the food retail market. Thus, the threat of new entrant for large supermarkets chain is significantly lower due to requirement of huge capital investment.
Intensity of competitive rivalry: The intensity of competitive rivalry in the food retail industry is comparatively higher. Tesco faces stiff competition from competitors such as Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison that compete with each other on the basis of price and quality (Asker & McLoughlin, 2009). Tesco is facing high competition from other large retailers that is threatening Tesco market leadership position.