美国代写论文：人力资源开发

在： ,

美国代写论文：人力资源开发

与酒店业人力资源开发有关的一个重要问题是聘请长期雇员。如果以合适的方式开发员工，则可以保留更长的时间。要适应组织文化中的员工，就要面对挑战，因为他们应该知道事情应该如何完成。这主要通过建立对公司有利的强大的外部和内部关系来完成（Timo＆Davidson，2005）。这证实了他们对员工的满意感，因为这有助于组织的个人发展。在招待行业内的一些雇主被视为进行离职面谈。然而，不幸的是，当进行退出面试时，采取明确行动并挽救组织的员工为时已为时过晚。因此，在揭露组织中主要不满的人面临的主要困难。

美国代写论文：人力资源开发
随着全球劳动力市场的升温以及发现新的就业机会，保留有价值的员工已经开始成为一个非常关键的挑战（Bauer，2004）。在没有优秀员工的情况下，酒店业的任何组织都无法有效地为客人服务，因此创造利润变得非常困难。尽管招待业的许多高管都强调招聘和留任，但为了保留组织中的人力资源，士气是众所周知的重大问题。低水平的士气导致对服务标准产生重大影响，可能导致组织在酒店行业的声誉和善意，并最终导致业务受到侵蚀。各企业对企业士气低落的原因可能会有很多不同，一些顶级违规者被称为缺乏培训，技能，员工，压力以及有限的奖励（Bauer，2004）。

美国代写论文：人力资源开发

One significant issue with respect to development of HR in hospitality industry is to engage the long tenured employees. Employees can be retained for a longer duration if they are developed in an appropriate manner. Challenge is faced in acclimating the employees in the culture of the organization as they should know how things are supposed to be done. This is mostly done by the establishment of strong external and internal relationships that are beneficial for the company (Timo & Davidson, 2005). This confirms their sense of satisfaction amongst the employees as this helps in the personal development of the organization. A number of employers within the industry of hospitality are seen conducting exit interviews. However, it is unfortunate that when exit interviews are conducted, it is mostly too late for taking definitive action and saving the employee for the organization. Thus, the main difficulty is faced in uncovering the main dissatisfied people in the organization.

美国代写论文：人力资源开发
With the heating up of labour market all across the globe, and the discovery of new job opportunities, retention of valuable employees has started to become an extremely crucial challenge (Bauer, 2004). In the absence of good employees, any organization in the hospitality industry will fail in serving the guests in an effective manner, and thus, generation of profits become extremely difficult. While a number of executives across the industry of hospitality lay emphasis over recruitment and retention, in order to retain human resource in the organization, morale is known to be a major issue. Low level of morale results in having a major impact over the standards of service that can result in tarnishing the reputation and goodwill of the organization in hospitality industry and eventually results in eroding the business. There can be a number of variations in the reasons behind low morale as per business to business, a number of top offenders are known to lack training, skills, staff members, stress as well as limited rewards (Bauer, 2004).

美国论文代写：酒店运营

在： ,

美国论文代写：酒店运营

库存
库存被定义为组织维护的资源的集合，用于制定和销售服务和产品。香格里拉大酒店的存货可以在收入管理活动中操纵，以确保酒店总收入的增加。根据市场中服务和产品的需求，保持库存流程的变化使得香格里拉大酒店的管理层能够增加收入。通过有效利用财务资源，管理香格里拉大酒店的库存可使该组织的收入增加。根据经营市场中相应服务和产品的需求对库存进行管理可以增加销售额，从而增加酒店的收入（Zhang，2011）。

美国论文代写：酒店运营
需求
香格里拉大酒店提供的相应服务和产品对运营市场客户的需求是香格里拉大酒店工作场所实施收入管理战略的另一个主要杠杆。香格里拉酒店提供的相应产品和服务的需求可作为组织工作场所收入管理策略的杠杆。在相应的经营市场中对服务和产品的需求的操纵使得相应服务和产品的销售增加，从而导致香格里拉酒店（Ratcliffe，2012）的收入增加。

美国论文代写：酒店运营

Inventory
The inventory is defined as the collection of the resources maintained by the organisation, which are utilised in the preparation and sale of the services and products. The inventory of the Shangri-La Hotel can be manipulated in the revenue management activities to ensure the increase in the total revenue of the hotel. The change in the processes of maintaining inventory according to the demand of the services and products in the market allows the management of the Shangri-La Hotel to have increased revenue. The management of the inventory of the Shangri-La Hotel in terms of the effective utilisation of the financial resources allows the organisation to have increase in the revenue. The management of the inventory according to the demand of the corresponding services and products in the market of operation allows the sales to increase, which in turn increases the revenue of the hotel (Zhang, 2011).

美国论文代写：酒店运营
Demand
Demand of the corresponding services and products provided by the Shangri-La Hotel to the customers in the market of operation is another primary lever in the revenue management strategy implemented in the workplace the Shangri-La Hotel. The demand for the corresponding products and services provided by the Shangri-La Hotel can be utilised as a lever in the revenue management strategy in the workplace of the organisation. The manipulation of the demand of the services and products in the corresponding market of operation allows the increase in the sales of the corresponding services and products, which in turn leads to the increase in the revenue of the Shangri-La Hotel (Ratcliffe, 2012).

美国论文代写：领导者的权力

在： ,

美国论文代写：领导者的权力

1.当领导者的方法是指示性的时候，团队才会执行。在这个领导者决定的行动计划，并做出整个决策。预计该小组将按照该计划开展工作，以实现最终结果（Bass＆Bass，2009）。
2.压力水平与决策质量成反比。如果压力很高，那么它会影响智力水平，因此所做出的决定不会很有效。
3.经验水平与压力下的决策质量成正比。当压力很大时，人们不可能在智力上思考，因此经验来拯救。
4.任务简单时，不需要领导者的智慧和经验。

美国论文代写：领导者的权力
战略应急理论
当领导者具有有效的解决问题的能力，演员的中心性和技能的独特性时，他将永远在任何组织中都有很高的需求（Selznick，2011）。而且，如果这个人在一个组织中处于战略位置，那么他不可避免地被忽视。这些领导者的地位超群，并始终被视为公司的支持系统。
权力与影响理论：
这个理论谈到了决策领导者权力的来源。这也谈到领导人利用他的力量完成任务的方式和方式。有三种位置权力。他们是合法的，奖励和强制性的。另外两种个人权力是专家权力和指涉权力（Wheatley，2011）。
这个理论也定义了领导者的交易领导。这个理论假设人们为了获得回报而工作。它可以是无形的。因此，领导者设计一份工作或一份工作的方式也是有一定的回报结构的。

美国论文代写：领导者的权力

1. When the leader’s approach is directive only then the team performs. In this the leader decides the plan of action and does the entire decision making. The team is expected to work as per the plan so that the end result is achieved (Bass & Bass, 2009).
2. The level of stress is inversely proportional to the quality of decision. If stress is high then it would affect the intellectual levels and hence the decisions taken would not be very effective.
3. The level of experience is directly proportional to the decision quality under stress. When the stress is high, one can never think intellectually and hence experience comes to the rescue.
4. When the tasks are simple, the intelligence and the experience of the leader is not required.

美国论文代写：领导者的权力
Strategic Contingency Theories
When a leader has effective problem solving skills, actor centrality and uniqueness of skills then he will always be in high demand in any organization (Selznick, 2011). Moreover, if this person is at a strategic position in an organization, then it becomes inevitable for him to go unnoticed. Such leaders excel in their position and always treated as a support system for the company.
Power and Influence Theory:
This theory talks about the source of the power of the decision making leader. This also talks about the ways and means in which a leader uses his power to get the things done. There are three kinds of positional power. They are legitimate, reward and coercive. The other two kinds of personal power are expert power and referent power (Wheatley, 2011).
This theory also defines the transactional leadership of the leader. This theory assumes that people work in order to receive something in return. It can either be tangible of intangible. Thus the leaders design a job or a work in such a way that it has some reward structure as well.

美国俄克拉荷马大学论文代写：领导的概念

在： ,

美国俄克拉荷马大学论文代写：领导的概念

在21世纪，领导力形成对组织来说是一项重要资产。领导力发展是组织的首要需求。目前的组织在高度多元化的团队中工作。有不同类型的矩阵，结构和全球组织，这些组织是组织建设的关键。因此，领导者的作用非常重要。因此，为了组织的成功和为了发展与组织环境的适当关系（Bass，1985），完美的领导者应该在那里非常重要。领导者是帮助他或她以正确方式做正确事情的人。领导者是为其他人设置董事的人，创造激励员工和管理者的愿景并倾向于做新事物。

美国俄克拉荷马大学论文代写：领导的概念
理论
根据密歇根大学1950年进行的研究，基于任务的领导力在世界范围内并不重要。然而，后来包括了参与式领导的概念。在此之后，引入了相关理论，其中包括角色理论，其中包括角色理论，角色理论指出角色扮演是基于提供基本细节的行为刺激的行为（Epitropaki，2004）。
交易型领导理论是在20世纪70年代左右引入的，它被称为领导者交换理论，其特点是在领导者和追随者之间建立起来的交易。因此，这个理论是值得一个人不仅积极而且互惠的东西。为了使过渡理论有效，ut是非常重要的，领导者必须以适当的方式与他/她的追随者相匹配，以便执行为领导者分配的所需任务。因此，交易领导力是一种非常重要的事情，以便发展一种能够导致组织目标同步的强化环境。转换理论包括烧伤理论，低音转换理论和库兹和波斯纳的转换理论。世界上有大量的领导理论。

美国俄克拉荷马大学论文代写：领导的概念

In the 21st century, leadership forms to be an important asset for the organization. Leadership development is the primary need for the organizations. The present organizations works in a highly diversified teams. There are different kinds of matrix, structures and global organizations which forms a key for the building of an organization. Thus, the role of a leader is significant. Thus it is important the perfect leader should be there for the success of the organization and in order to develop the proper relationship with the organizational environment (Bass, 1985). A leader is someone who helps him or her in order to do the correct things in a correct manner. A leader is someone who sets directors for the other people, create a vision which inspires the employees and managers and tends to do new things.

美国俄克拉荷马大学论文代写：领导的概念
Theories
According to the study conducted in 1950’s by the University of Michigan, task based leadership wasn’t of major importance within the world. However, later the concept of participative leadership was included. After this the associated theories were introduced including the role theories included the role theory which states that role playing is an act which is based upon the stimulation of the behavior which provides the essential details (Epitropaki, 2004).
Transactional leadership theories were introduced around 1970’s and it is termed as the exchange theories for the leadership and is characterized by the transaction which has been established amongst the leader and the follower. Thus the theory is something which values a person who is not only positive and but is mutually beneficial. In order to have transitional theories effective, ut is important that the leader must be aligned in an adequate manner to reward his or her followers in order to perform the required tasks assigned for the leader. Thus, the transactional leadership is something which is very essential in order to develop a reinforcing environment which leads to the synchronization among the goals of the organization. The transformation theories includes the burns theory, the bass transformational theory and the Kouzes and Posner’s transformational theory. A large number of theories of leadership are available in the world.

美国代写report：变更管理过程

在： ,

美国代写report：变更管理过程

加拿大时尚学论文代写
带来组织变革可能是由于几个方面。但是，要改变公司现有的设置是管理层面临的最具挑战性的任务之一。组织变革过程涉及为实现变革管理目标而完成的一系列步骤（Boje，2012）。这带来了某些最终结果，并且过程继续。变更管理过程涉及广泛的计划和决策，以确定是否可以在当前情况下引入变更，需要确定资源等。

美国代写report：变更管理过程
1.实施计划：这是变革过程中组织内执行或实施变更计划的下一步。在变革实施的这个阶段，变更计划必须传达给公司内的所有员工。此外，如果有任何技能提升的要求，对员工进行适当的培训，使他们有能力在变化的工作环境中实施变革并顺利运作。
2.追踪，衡量和评估：这是变革实施之后变革过程的最后一步。公司必须了解所实施的变革对企业成功和员工绩效的有效性。为了了解相同情况，公司可以通过跟进或要求审查变更实施和管理进行差距分析。由此可以知道变更实施的确切结果，如果存在任何缺陷，可以立即纠正这些缺陷，从而可以消除进一步的后果。

美国代写report：变更管理过程
Bringing changes in the organization can be due to several aspects. However, to bring a change in the existing set up of the company is one of the most challenging tasks for the management. The change process of the organization involves a series of steps that is done for the achievement the change management objectives (Boje, 2012). This brings in certain end results and the process continues. Change management process involves extensive planning and decision making as to whether the changes can be brought in the current situations, resources needed etc. has to be determined.

美国代写report：变更管理过程
1.Implement the plan: This is the next step in the change process where the change plan is executed or implemented within the organization. At this stage of change implementation, the change plan has to be communicated to all the employees within the company. Also, if there is any requirement of skill enhancement, proper training is given to employees to make them equipped to implement the change and operate smoothly in the changed work environment.
2.Follow up, measure and review: This is the final step in the change process that comes after the change implementation. It is essential for the company to know about the effectiveness of the changes implemented on the business success and among the employee performance. In order to know the same, a gap analysis can be done by the company by following up or asking for review about the implementation of changes and its management. From this, the exact result of the change implementation can be known and if there are any pitfalls, these can be rectified on an immediate basis so that further consequences can be eliminated.

美国代写essay：艺术领域

在： ,

美国代写essay：艺术领域

她还解释说，未来，与创意艺术相关的机会将会增强。近来，教科文组织（联合国教育，科学和文化组织）提出了关于艺术家阶段的建议，以鼓励各州了解艺术在个人发展中的重要作用（Caves，2002年）。当局还承认艺术家在创作时需要得到保护，捍卫和协助，因为自由是艺术家作品的核心和灵魂。在2005年，福特基金会为支持艺术家募集了2200万美元，并且认为艺术家在他们选择的领域工作，这个领域需要财政援助。在餐厅工作以满足这些财务状况，只会削弱艺术家的能力，因为他或她能够更少地关注他们的艺术能力。他们需要适当的地方，可以帮助他们生活合理和健康（Comunian et al，2011）。基金会和福特基金会等组织形式的资助是当今世界艺术家可以获得的一种机会（Brown et al，2012）。艺术事业的重要性从学者对劳动力市场的吸引力各不相同，因为他们提供有趣的基于经济的场景，如艺术家过度供应或以项目为主的作品占主导地位，艺术家是重要的国家经济驱动力（Brown等， 2012）。

美国代写essay：艺术领域
从采访中也可以看出，安妮塔道森没有把注意力放在名利上。这消除了大多数艺术家面临的无法获得资金的一大挑战。这意味着她的父母给予她适当的支持，让她有机会在创意艺术领域尽可能地多样化，以发展她强烈的艺术认同。

美国代写essay：艺术领域

She also explained that in future, opportunities related to creative arts will enhance. In the recent times, the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization) suggested recommendations with regard to artist’s stage in order to encourage the states to understand the important role of art in an individual’s development (Caves, 2002). The authority also acknowledged that artists need to be protected, defended and assisted when it comes to creation as freedom is the heart and soul of an artist’s piece of work. In the year 2005, the Foundation of Ford raised 22 million dollars for supporting artists and also argued that artists work in the field chosen by them and this field requires financial assistance. Working in restaurants to meet these finances only decapitates the ability of an artist as he or she is able to focus less on their artistic capability. Proper places are required for them that can help in making them live reasonable and healthy (Comunian et al, 2011). Funding is one such opportunity which is available to the artists in the world today in the form of such organizations like UNESCO and Ford foundation (Brown et al, 2012). The importance of artistic careers are varied ranging from attraction of scholars to labor markets of art as they provide interesting economic based scenarios such as oversupply of artists or project based works being predominated, to, artists being important nation based economic drivers (Brown et al, 2012).

美国代写essay：艺术领域
It was also evident from the interview that Anita Dawson did not have her focus on getting fame or money. This removed one major challenge that most artists face that is no access to funds. This implies the proper support from her parents who gave her the opportunity to diversify as much as she can in field of creative arts in order to develop her strong artistic identity.

美国代写论文：不公平交易

在： ,

美国代写论文：不公平交易

不合情理的交易可以被描述为不合情理地使用优越的地位损害另一方遭受残疾或者当该方处于不利的地位时。因此，这种交易是在某种情况或条件下发生时，一方与另一方相比处于特殊劣势，而另一方则处于不公平或不合理的优势。在这方面需要建立几个要素。特殊的残疾不仅仅是不平等，而且涉及到判断力受损。同样，利用涉及残疾知识，程序性或实质性的不合情理。另一方应该因不合情理的行为而签订合同。
高盛法院在Blomley诉Ryan案中做出的判决确定了“不合情理”的概念，并且由于高等法院对“澳大利亚商业银行诉Amadio案”的判决而得到加强。因此，根据一般原则，由于某种条件或情况，一方当事人处于特殊劣势，另一方已经采取不公平或不合理的优势时，由于这种特殊的不利条件而产生的机会，在这种情况下案件中，由于不合情理的行为，交易可以由法院撤销。

美国代写论文：不公平交易
本案的事实与澳大利亚商业银行v Amadio的事实相似。在这种情况下，70多岁的意大利夫妇也被儿子和银行经理要求为他们的儿子执行担保。然而，银行经理有充分的理由相信，儿子对他的业务的偿付能力向他的父母撒谎，他也知道父母的经历很少，他们在理解英语方面存在问题。

美国代写论文：不公平交易

An unconscionable dealing can be described as the unconscientiously using superior position to the detriment of the other party suffering from a disability or when the party is in anexceptional position of disadvantage. Therefore, such dealing takes place when as a result of some circumstance or condition, one party has been placed at a special disadvantage as compared to the other party and the other party takes an unfair or unconscientious advantage. There are several elements that need to be established in this regard. The special disability is not a mere inequality but it involves impaired judgment. Similarly, taking advantage involves the knowledge of disability, procedural or substantive unconscionability. The other party should have entered into the contract as a result of the unconscionable conduct.
The notion of “unconscionability” was firmly established by the decision of the High Court given in Blomley v Ryan and it was strengthened by the decision of the High Court given in the case titled ‘Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio’. Therefore, according to the general principle, when, asa result of some condition or circumstances, one party is under a special disadvantage and an unfair or unconscientious advantage has been takenby the other party, of the opportunity created by such special disadvantage, in such a case, the transaction can be set aside by the court due to unconscionable conduct.

美国代写论文：不公平交易
The facts of the present case are similar to the facts of Commercial bank of Australia v Amadio. In this case also, an Italian couple in their 70s was asked by their son and bank manager to execute a guarantee for their son. However the bank manager had strong reasons to believe that the son had lied to his parents regarding the solvency of his business and he also knew that the parents had very little business experience and they had problems in understanding English language.

美国代写论文：薪酬方案

在： ,

美国代写论文：薪酬方案

从所讨论的案例和情景的角度来看，应该指出的是，在场景中可能被强调为恢复工具的双方之间没有任何适当的关于更新薪酬方案的书面合同;因此，在所讨论的情况下，也可以如图所示的例子那样，不能给予任何保证来补偿对卢克的任何类型的恢复。
应该指出的是，在违反合同存在的情况下，合同补救措施是可执行的。违反合同违反了合同的约束力，因此，任何违约都会导致惩罚，并且只有在处罚时才有约束力。这种失败可能是由于完全违背了义务，或者是延迟与时间相比，或者是表现不佳。

美国代写论文：薪酬方案
在所讨论的情况中，卢克似乎不能执行新的管理，也不会改变对新薪酬方案的决定，因为卢克和管理层之间没有任何书面合同。对这起案件的研究也强调信息隐私是必不可少的，因为如果这些信息不能泄露，卢克就不会决定或计划采取法律行动;然而，如果卢克坚持要采取法律措施，没有书面合同，他的努力就不合理。原则上，义务是自发进行的。然而，债务人错误地认为它没有运行，或者运行不好，它的义务。违规这一术语实际上意味着许多不遵守后果的行为取决于拟议的行动，因为丰田着名的“加速案例”要求这家汽车巨头向其利益相关者赔偿11亿美元（产品责任 – 产品责任改革，nd ）。

美国代写论文：薪酬方案

In the perspective of discussed case and scenario, it should be noted that there is no any proper written contract about the updated salary package between the parties that could be highlighted as a recovery tool in the scenario; hence, in the discussed scenario that could also be taken as illustrated example there cannot be given any guarantee to compensate any type of recovery to the Luke.
It should be noted that contract remedies are executable in those scenarios where the breach of contract exists. The breach of contract is a breach of the binding force of contract, therefore, any breach will result in a penalty, and there may be binding effective only if there is a penalty. Such failure may result from a complete breach of an obligation, either a delay compared to the time or so it may be a poorly done performance.

美国代写论文：薪酬方案
in the discussed scenario, Luke does not seems in the position to enforce the new management, not to change its decision about the new salary package because there was no any written contract between the Luke and the management. The study of this case also highlighted that informational privacy is essential because if this information could not leaked, Luke would have not decide or plan to take legal action; however, if Luke insists to take the legal steps so, without written contract his effort will not be justified. In principle, the obligations are performed spontaneously. However, it happens that the debtor be wrong that it is not running, or it runs badly, its obligations. The term breach actually means many forms of non-compliance with the consequences vary depending on the proposed action as Toyota Famous “acceleration Case” that oblige this auto giant to compensate 1.1 billion US dollar to its stakeholders (Product liability – product liability reform, n.d).

美国论文代写：遗嘱的无效条件

在： ,

美国论文代写：遗嘱的无效条件

使用不适当的影响在建立一个公正和有效的框架方面起了很大作用，以减少个人之间的脆弱性并提高他们之间的确定性。但是，在某些情况下，不正当的影响也会被滥用。以下是美国，英国和中国等国家（特别是香港）普遍采用不正当影响的情况;
对一个孩子的处罚：异常的必要性，切断任何慷慨的遗产，涉及对被遗赠者的丰富性的定期抗议。在母亲或父亲将儿童排除在外的时候，一个不自然的示范清楚地显示了不适当的影响。

美国论文代写：遗嘱的无效条件
选出死者以前的遗产计划：处理与死者目标不同的处置，在记录执行前进行沟通。如果被继承人过去以同样的方式对待自己的孩子的威尔或信托，另一种意愿，修正或信任否定了前一方的意愿或信任，则可以得出死者受到不当影响的结论。
身体和精神状态得到缓解：一个身体和心理状态可以颠覆自己以实现自己意志自由的遗嘱人;并且如果存在证据，那么该立遗嘱人的精神状态就会变得虚弱，这表明另一个人的压力已经征服了立遗嘱人的遗嘱，这就更简单了，从而施加了不正当影响的情况。
突然压抑态度转变：根据香港法律，法院可能会推测，对其亲属态度突然下降的态度可能源于心灵的消灭，也可能导致亲属出现不适当的影响。
缺乏时间精神上的缺陷：过去充满精神缺陷的创造者与底线紧密相连，通过存在这些缺陷，可以不恰当地影响立遗嘱者。

美国论文代写：遗嘱的无效条件

The use of undue influence has helped a lot in the establishment of a just and efficacious framework in order to reduce the vulnerability among individuals and enhancing certainty among them. However, there are some cases in which undue influence is misused as well. Following are the cases in which Undue Influence is commonly utilized among countries like United States, England and China (especially in Hong Kong);
Dispossessing a child: Necessities that are aberrant, cutting off from any generous estates, involves the regular protests of the decedent’s abundance. At the point when a mother or father takes hands off the children, which is excluding the kids, an unnatural demonstration clearly shows undue influence.

美国论文代写：遗嘱的无效条件
Opposing decedent’s previous estate plan: Dispositions at variation with the decedent’s aims, communicated before the record’s execution. In the event that a decedent had a past Will or Trust that treated his kids in the same way, yet another will, amendment or trust repudiates the previous one, this can make up the conclusion that the decedent was influenced in an undue manner.
Deprived physical and mental state: A testator whose physical and mental state is such as to allow a subversion of to have his own freedom of will; and if there exists proof the testator had a debilitated state of mind it is simpler to show the pressure of another individual has conquered the testator’s will thus imposing the case of undue influence.
Abrupt Depressing Shift in attitude: Under the law of Hong Kong, courts may conjecture that the sudden depressing swing in attitude towards its relatives can be originated by extermination of mind and it could also lead to the emerging of undue influence among relatives.
Olden times mental shortfalls: A will creator with a past full of mental deficiencies adjoins the bottom line that the testator can be influenced in an unduly manner by means of having these deficiencies.

美国论文代写：合同类型

在： ,

美国论文代写：合同类型

该组织主要签订了两种或三种合同。其中之一是一种简单的传统合同方法，涉及与建筑师和设计师合作的工作范围的总承包商，并且一次性收取费用。这样的合同通常是通过竞标赢得的。戈登（Gordon，1994）认为，这种传统合同对于负责全部原材料采购，设计师协调和价格细节在建设开始之前负责的所有者具有优势，对价格可变性的了解（如果有的话），以及控制设计。简单来说，这是一个开始调试合同，使承包商能够控制整个施工程序。这种合同类型也给承包商选择采购程序带来了很大的自由。

美国论文代写：合同类型

这些程序或多或少是标准的，随后是知名且知名的供应商，他们长期以来一直提供物料，但是在每个合同之前，在施工期间对价格灵活性和预测变化性进行了讨论。但是，对于业主不喜欢的情况，由于行业受到经济状况的影响，此类合同通常会导致时间和成本估算不准确。 Odeh和Battaineh（2002）也同意这一观点，他们认为这类事件与传统的承包商中由于最低投标而选择的事件更为相关。虽然通货膨胀考虑因素正在合约中考虑，但一些不可控制的因素往往会影响定价，使成本估算升级。由于固定新价格并防止过度损失，这会在中期建设谈判中拖延时间。很大程度上违反业主的意愿，由于外部市场条件导致价格需要修改，承包商要求对原始合同中的条款进行修改。

美国论文代写：合同类型

The organisation majorly entered into contracts of two or three types. One of them is a simple traditional method of contracting which involves a general contractor for the scope of work who works with the architect and the designer, and has a lump-sum amount to the fees. Such a contract is often won by competitive bidding. Gordon (1994) asserts that such kind of traditional contracts has an advantage for the owner who is in-charge of the entire raw materials purchase, designer coordination, and price details before the construction begins, knowledge of the variability of price if any, and having control over the design. In simple terms it is a start to commissioning contract which enables the contractor to control the entire procedure of the construction. This contract type also gave much liberty to the contractor to choose the procurement procedures.

美国论文代写：合同类型

The procedures were more or less standard and were followed with known and reputed suppliers who had been providing materials since long, but there were discussions being held before each contract on price flexibility and predictive variability through the course of the construction period. However, to the owners dislike, such contracts often led to inaccurate time and cost estimates, due to the industry being affected by economic conditions. This is also being agreed by Odeh and Battaineh (2002) who states that such kind of incidents are more relevant in traditional contractors who are chosen due to lowest bidding. Though the inflation consideration is being factored in the contract, some uncontrollable factors often affect the pricing escalating the cost estimates. This attracts time delays for mid-construction negotiations due to fixation of new pricing and preventing excessive losses. Much against the wish of the owner, the contractor demands a price revision as a result of a clause being included in the original contract about necessary amendments in the price due to external market conditions.