美国论文代写：购物行为

在： ,

美国论文代写：购物行为

目的：虽然大量的研究调查了各种存储环境因素对购物行为的影响，现有的工作不提供一个解释，在商店环境觉醒水平有效性差或管理相关的指引，为一个特定的商店。本文的目的是提供和提供经验支持的理论框架，概述了背景颜色对消费者情绪反应和随后的购物意向的影响。这项研究试图研究激发知觉和暴露于各种颜色所产生的实际生理兴奋。

理论框架：S-O-R模型

刺激机体反应（S-O-R）模型已被广泛应用的非人道行为研究。这是第一次由环境心理学家梅拉比安和罗素在他们的研究中提出的1974。他们的理论模型系统地展示了一个完整的购买过程，从刺激开始，以产品和服务的评价结束。揭示了行为倾向是个体受各种刺激影响的认知状态的结果。根据他们的理论，刺激指的是可能引起生理或心理反应的因素。许多研究试图同时研究几个刺激变量并预测其后续效应。然而，复杂纷繁的刺激可能有相互作用singlespecified环境状况。因此，它可能会模糊每个变量的影响，并很难确定其相应的行为结果。刺激的复杂性导致实验的有效性降低。因此，本研究主要研究网上购物环境中的一种可变页面背景色。

其他的研究也证实了利用这一理论框架的S-O-R范式的有效性和可行性（slama和tashcian，1987；巴克利，1991；Partington，2000；熙很快和Lim，2013）。因此，本研究试图建立一个基于Mehrabian Russell模型的框架，如图1所示。在本研究中，刺激指的是背景色的色相和饱和度；有机体指的是上述所述的愉悦和兴奋；反应被视为顾客的购买意图。

美国论文代写：购物行为

objectives: Although considerable research has investigated the impact of various store environment elements on shopping behavior, the existing works does not provide an explanation for the differential effectiveness of arousal levels in store environments or managerially relevant guidelines for a specific store. The objective of this article is to present and provide empirical support for a theoretical framework that outlines the impact of background colour on consumer emotional response and subsequent shopping intention. This study attempts to examine both arousal perceptions and the actual physiological arousal generated by exposure to various color.

Theoretical framework: the S-O-R Model

The Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model has been widely used inhuman behavior researches. It was first proposed by environmental psychologists Mehrabian and Russell in their 1974’s study. Their theoretical model systematically demonstrates a complete purchase process which begins with stimuli and ends with evaluation of products and services. It reveals that behavioral tendency is the result of individual’s cognitive states that affected by various stimuli. According to their theory, stimuli refers to the factors that may cause a physiological or psychological response. Many studies have tried to investigate several stimuli variables at the same time and anticipate their subsequent effect. However, the complex and numerous stimuli may have reciprocal effect in singlespecified environmental situation. Consequently, it might obscure the effects of each variable and become difficult to identify its corresponding behavioral outcomes. The complexity of stimuli results in the decreased validity of the experiment. Thus, this study mainly investigates one variable—wed page background colour—in online buying environment.

Other researches using this theoretical framework also confirmed the effectiveness and validity of the S-O-R paradigm (Slama and Tashcian, 1987; Buckley, 1991; Partington, 2000; Hee-soon and Lim, 2013). Thus, this study attempt to establish a framework on the basis ofthe Mehrabian-Russell model, as Figure 1 shows. In this investigation, stimuli refers to both hue and saturation of wed-page background colour; Organism refers to pleasure and arousal as discussed above; Response are observed as customers’ purchase intention.

 

美国代写essay：公司战略规划

在： ,

美国代写essay：公司战略规划

战略管理是对与外部环境（客户和竞争对手）和内部环境（公司本身）相联系的方面进行一个循序渐进的评估，为保持最佳管理方法提供基础（费伊，1986）。在竞争激烈的环境和复杂的环境下，总经理建立了丰富的模型和框架，以帮助进行战略规划。战略规划过程提供了一个路线图，包括业务和公司的目标，制定协议和开发计划达到这样的目标，然后分配资源来执行策略。战略决策在现实生活中并不是一成不变的；设计通常有一个评论循环来跟踪实施情况，并通知下一轮计划（刘易斯，1993）。

文献综述

战略规划从经济学领域分析人士捐款成立；组织行为；行为科学；公共管理学和心理学（Rumelt，1991）。有一个综合性的文献，以务实的分析为特色，评估商业银行进入新兴经济体的动机和冲击，这是经济全球化世界中金融支持服务最关键的因素之一。来自各个领域的专家从控制该领域的角度解决了战略管理问题，例如，来自金融领域的分析师利用了理性的观点，而组织习惯行业的分析师则采用了原型的观点。

因此，战略执行的研究依赖于普遍的技术协助研究人员。不同的作者对战略管理的方法有不同的规定。更好的分类是：

1）20世纪60年代- 70年代：注重外部环境分析

i.design学校：Kenneth R. Andrews

ii.planning学校：H. Igor Ansoff

2）80年代：Michael Porter（竞争优势）

3）90年代：

I.加里哈默和C. K. Prahalad  （核心竞争力）

ii.competing由David J.，Collis资源和Cynthia A. Montgomery

4）2000个现在：新视角

美国代写essay：公司战略规划

Strategic Management is a step-by-step evaluation of the aspects linked with the external environment (customers and rivals) and the internal environment (the company itself) to supply the base for keeping optimal management methods (Fahey, 1986). General Managers have established plentiful models as well as frameworks to help with strategic planning in the situation of competitive dynamics and intricate environments. Strategic planning process supplies a roadmap to the business and includes the company’s target, making protocols and plans developed to attain such goals, and afterwards allotting sources to execute the strategies. Strategic decision making isn’t static in real-life; the designs often feature a comments loop to track implementation and notify the following round of planning (Lewis, 1993).

Literature Review

Strategic planning has established by contributions from analysts from the areas of economics; organizational behaviour; behavioural science; public administration and psychology (Rumelt, 1991). There is a comprehensive literature, featuring pragmatic analyses, evaluating the incentives for and percussion of commercial bank entry to budding economies, which is among the most crucial elements of the financial support services in an economically globalizing world. Experts from each field resolved the strategic management from a viewpoint which controlled that area, for example, analysts from the area of financial sector made use of the rational outlook while analysts from the industry of organisational habits used the archetypal perspective.

Hence a study on strategy execution has depended on the prevailing technique assisting a researcher. Approaches to strategic management have been specified differently by various authors. The better recognized categories are:

1)1960s-70s: focus on the analysis of external environment

i.design school: Kenneth R. Andrews

ii.planning school: H. Igor Ansoff

2)1980s: Michael Porter (Competitive advantage)

3)1990s:

i.Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad (Core competence)

ii.competing on resources by David J., Collis, and Cynthia A. Montgomery

4)2000-present: new perspective

 

代写论文：质量管理体系

在： ,

代写论文：质量管理体系

1.3对问题3的回应

为了规划和制定David Jones的质量和改进措施，管理人员要求提供以下文件：

Ø强调组织质量重要性的政策手册

Ø需要采取措施执行设计的政策手册的程序

Ø工作指令，使员工了解如何实施质量管理体系

Ø记录强调是否遵守政策，程序和工作指示

任务2：实施质量管理体系

2.6新系统的评估

新系统的成功实施将通过检查教师在提供培训计划后能够在学生中传输的教育程度和质量来进行测试。如果提供给学生的教育水平比现有水平有所提高，那么可以说新系统是有效的。

2.7应急计划

如果新引进的系统出现故障，则可迅速查明故障原因并采取措施予以处理。这种情况也可以通过快速对新系统稍作修改来解决。

2.8成本和新的改进

如果新体制或新概念受到机构成员的高度抵制，或者新体制没有得到适当执行或未能带来预期成果，那么在新体制或新体制下，如果新体制或新体系不能得到应有的支付，成本将难以承受。

代写论文：质量管理体系

1.3 Response to Question 3

With the purpose of planning and developing a quality and improvement initiatives at David Jones, the following mentioned documents have been required by the managers:

ØPolicy manual that emphasize the importance of quality in the organization

ØProcedures that entails methods to implement the designed policy manual

ØWork instructions to enable employees as how to implement QMS

ØRecords highlighting that whether policies, procedures and work instructions are followed

Task 2: Implementation of Quality Management System

2.6 Evaluation of New System

The success of the new system implemented will be tested by examining the extent and the quality of education that instructors are able to transfer within the students after being provided with the training program. If the level of education provided to the students gets improved as compared to the existing level than it can be said that the new system was effective.

2.7 Contingency Plan

In case if the new introduced system gets fail then the situation can be handle by quickly identifying the reasons of failure and then taking measures against it. Such type of situation can also be tackled by quickly bringing slight modifications in the new system.

2.8 Costs and New Improvements

Costs would be unaffordable in terms of brining new improvement or a new system within an institution if the new system or a concept is highly resisted by the members of the institution or if the new system is not properly implemented or fails to bring desired results.

美国代写论文：百货公司管理

在： ,

美国代写论文：百货公司管理

本报告旨在阐明质量管理体系在组织中的重要性。被选中的组织是大卫·琼斯，被认为是澳大利亚最著名和最受欢迎的百货公司之一。报告分为两部分。在报告的采访中一直与Cate Deniels通过电子邮件进行的第一部分。Cate Deniels目前已被应用在转型PMO头的位置。报告的这一部分还包含了在面试的帮助下获得的有用的见解。在第二部分报告中对质量管理体系的实施进行了探讨。在本报告的这一部分，讨论了如何带来新的改进以及如何实现这些改进。

任务1：进行面试

1.1对问题1的答复

已经接近的组织是大卫·琼斯。经理已经接受采访的Cate Deniels。她一直担任集团执行业务从2010-2014年现在已经晋升为转型PMO的头。

1.2对问题2的答复

按照经理的说法，大卫·琼斯在零售服务部门工作，因此质量管理的工具被应用于该组织。它应用于考虑客户满意度和满足客户的需求。大卫·琼斯为实现一个成功的QMS所遵循的步骤如下所述：

Ø确定组织目标

Ø识别关键成功因素体系

Ø实施QMS整合技术创新

Ø评估系统

美国代写论文：百货公司管理

This report has been written to shed a light on the importance of quality management system within an organization. The organization that has been selected is David Jones that has been considered as one of the most famous and popular department store company in Australia. The report is divided into two parts. In the first part of the report an interview has been conducted with Cate Deniels via Email. Cate Deniels has currently been employed at the position of head of transformation PMO. This part of the report also incorporates useful insights that have been obtained with the help of interview. In the second part of the report implementation of a quality management system have been discussed. In this part of the report the need for bringing new improvements and how these improvements can be implemented has also been discussed.

Task 1: Conducting an Interview

1.1 Response to Question 1

The organization that has been approached is David Jones. The manager that has been interviewed was Cate Deniels. She has been working as group executive operations from 2010-2014 and now has been promoted to head of transformation PMO.

1.2 Response to Question 2

As per the manager, David Jones is operating in the sector of retail services and hence the tool of quality management is applied at the organization. It is applied by considering customer satisfaction and fulfillment of needs of customer. The steps followed at David Jones to implement a successful QMS has mentioned as follow:

ØIdentifying organizational goals

ØIdentifying factors crucial for the success of QMS

ØImplementing QMS by integrating technological innovation

ØEvaluating the system

 

论文代写：沃尔沃斯公司业务概述

在： ,

论文代写：沃尔沃斯公司业务概述

i）公司简介：Woolworths有限公司是一家在澳大利亚和新西兰经营零售的公司，开设了第一家零售店在1924。拥有200000名员工，经营范围主要是Woolworths超市，在澳大利亚白酒类和汽油等，它是最大的公司为食品零售商和外卖白酒类公司。它在资本化和销售方面拥有最大的零售公司的地位。该公司的净资产为555亿美元（约Slovic，2000）。

ii)Business shareholders:

1，公众股东：18772

2.non-public股东：

（a）董事及其同事：7

B）电子商务投资16（专有）有限公司：1

c）沃尔沃斯（专有）有限公司：1

d）Woolworths控股股权信托* 1

三）业务的主要目标：

1、公司希望在食品和酒类领域有一个广泛的领导地位。

2、通过公司的投资组合来最大化股东价值。

3、保持公司建立具有巨大增长潜力的新业务的记录。

4。将促成行动建立成长的新时代。

b）风险管理计划：

企业经营风险：一是水资源和能源的管理。与本集团的经济、环境和社会可持续性有关的长期和短期风险。其他风险包括财务风险、战略风险、操作技术风险和操作安全风险。

论文代写：沃尔沃斯公司业务概述

i)Company profile: Woolworths Limited is a retail company operating in         Australia and New Zealand and has opened its first retail store in 1924. The major areas of operations of Woolworths with 200,000 employees are supermarkets, liquor and petrol etc. In Australia, it is the largest company as food retailers and takeaway liquor company. It has a position of the largest retail company in terms of capitalization and sales. The approx net worth of the company is $55.5 billion (Slovic, 2000).

ii)Business shareholders:

1.Public shareholders:                                           18,772

2.Non-public shareholders:

a)Directors and their associates:                                  7

b)E-Com Investments 16 (Proprietary) Limited:         1

c)Woolworths (Proprietary ) Limited:                          1

d)Woolworths Holdings Share Trust*                          1

iii)Main Goals of the business:

1.The company wants to have an extended leadership in areas of food and liquor.

2.To maximize shareholder value by acting on the portfolio of the company.

3.Maintaining the track record of the company for establishing new businesses which have potential of immense growth.

  1. Putting the enablers in action for establishing the new era of growth.

B)Risk management plan:

Risks involved in business: Firstly, it is the management of natural resources of water and energy. Long-term and short-term risks involved with the economic, environmental and social sustainability aspects of the group. Other risks involved are financial risks, strategic risks, operational technical risks and operational safety risks.

 

美国论文代写：风险登记册

在： ,

美国论文代写：风险登记册

i）批准的项目计划，其中具有预计风险的部分必须明确记录在文件的准备。

ii）主动风险必须在识别日期，目标日期和结束日期方面记录在风险登记册中。其他信息，如识别号码，风险描述，风险的类型和强度，风险的影响，处理风险的行动计划以及风险的现状。

iii）风险识别号码将使评估人员能够将风险与项目状态报告，风险识别和风险影响形式联系起来，这对于分析项目的风险方面的进展是有用的（Grinblatt， 2002）。

2.影响评论：

a）成功的风险缓解策略：

i）确认特定的风险，并决定采取有意识的行动，而不对其运作进行任何控制。这需要项目负责人的批准。

ii）为减少风险的程度，调整程序。对项目完成的资金筹措过程，技术要求和活动进度进行了调整。

iii）实施减少风险影响的行动计划。

iv）将风险活动的责任和责任重新分配给愿意承担责任的利益相关方。

v）持续监测由于影响项目性质的风险而发生的变化。

b）风险缓解策略失败：

风险缓解策略的失败需要再次在各个方面进行审查和制定。采取的纠正措施应包括从事有力的承保活动。仔细评估当前的风险管理政策和策略，以便更好地实施。根据地理规模，行业类型和信用风险进行适当的风险汇总。所有这些都是为了使政策更加高效和有效。

美国论文代写：风险登记册

1.Risk register:

i)An approved project plan in which the section with the projected risks must be clearly documented for the preparation of the document.

ii)Active risks must be recorded in the risk register in terms of date of identification, target date and closure date. Other information such as identification number, risk description, type and intensity of risks, impact of risks, action plan for dealing with risks and the current status of the risks.

iii)The risk identification numbers will make it possible for the evaluator to link the risks with the project status report, risk identification and risk impact form which will be useful for analyzing the progress of the project in terms of risks associated with it (Grinblatt, 2002).

2.Comment on the impact:

a)Successful risk mitigation strategy:

i)Acknowledgement of the particular risks and deciding a deliberate action for its acceptance without any sort of control over its operation. It needs the approval of project leader.

  1. ii) For reducing the intensity of the risks adjustments are made in the program. Adjustments are made in the funding process, technical requirements and activity schedules for the completion of the project.

iii)Implementation of action plans for reducing the impact of risks.

iv)Re-assigning the accountability and responsibility of the risk activities to stakeholders who are ready to take up its responsibility.

v)Continuous monitoring of the changes happened due to the impact of risk that affects the nature of the project.

b)Failed risk mitigation strategy:

Failed risk mitigation strategy needs to be reviewed and worked out on all aspects again. The corrective actions undertaken should include engaging in vigorous underwriting activities.  A Careful evaluation of current policies and strategies of risk management for better implementation must be done. Proper risk aggregations in terms of geographic size, type of industry and credit exposure. All this must be done for making the policy more efficient and effective.

美国德拉华大学论文代写：苹果酒产品

在： ,

美国德拉华大学论文代写：苹果酒产品

这些苹果酒已经由公司制造了十多年了。目前我们正在计划实施与Still产品相关的新产品的成长和发展过程。苹果酒是苹果汁发酵过程中最常见的苹果酒之一。该术语仍然意味着所制造的苹果酒不含任何种类的碳酸化作用。这个仍然是苹果酒是不是碳酸的苹果酒，它是由非常少量的糖组成。因此，特别是在夏季，人们是非常有帮助和有活力的（Cheverton，2005）。在当今时代，人们对​​苹果酒的需求正在增加。新的苹果酒产品是从苹果，准备了大约六个月，然后过滤和瓶装。考虑到市场需求的增加，该产品正在推出。营销管理委员会观察到，目前使用苹果酒的人中，大约有一半人喜欢喝苹果酒。

该公司的计划是在市场上推出这款新的苹果酒产品，并提高苹果酒产品的整体生产力。这个产品将在市场上获得巨大的成功。这是因为人们正在寻找这种产品，并有兴趣喝同样的东西，当他们会发现一个相同的品牌名称Ampleforth修道院，会有一个明确的运行相同。该公司的计划是推出一个良好的市场炒作产品，并在未来增强其存在。

美国德拉华大学论文代写：苹果酒产品

The ciders are manufactured by the company for over ten years now. At present we are planning to instantiate the process related to the growth and development of our new product which is the Still cider. Still cider is one of the most common forms of ciders which is commonly developed from the process of fermentation of the apple juice. The term still signifies that the cider which is manufactured does not contains any kind of carbonation. This the still cider is the cider which is not carbonate and it consists if very less amount of sugar. Thus, it is very helpful and energetic for people especially in the summer season (Cheverton, 2005). In the present era the demand for the cider has been increasing among the people. The new cider product takes is prepared from apple which is matured for around six months and then filtered and bottled. This product is being launched considering its increasing demand in the market. The marketing management committee have observed that around half of the people who are using cider products prefer to drink still cider in the present times.

The plans of the company is to launch this new cider product with a boon in the market and to enhance the overall productivity of the cider products. This product will be a huge success in the market. This is because people are looking for this product and are interested in drinking the same and when they will find a brand name of Ampleforth Abbey associated with the same, there will be a clear run for the same. The plans of the company is to launch the product with a good market hype and enhance its existence in the future.

 

美国代写report：监督公司绩效

在： ,

美国代写report：监督公司绩效

根据Allen＆Helms（2006）的观点，控制是一个审查和监督公司整体绩效并确保达到这些目标的过程。对这些成绩进行适当的衡量是非常必要的，如果确保实现适当的组织目标有任何意义，那么他们是否符合相关标准并纠正任何错误。控制职能经理的核心目的是确认所有的业务都是按照相关标准进行的。根据Wernerfelt（2006）的观点，一个高效的控制系统可以帮助一个公司在发生问题之前就指出一些问题。控制由几个步骤和过程组成，可以帮助组织实现其业务目标。

第一步是评估组织控制的主要领域。管理者必须确定他们在规划和开发过程中已经制定的组织使命，目标和目标。第二步是确定绩效和目标的核心标准。任何组织或其部门的业绩都是以货币形式完成的，包括收入，费用等。为了控制运营成本，维珍航空公司的职能经理必须始终如一地全面评估公司的财务业绩，消除额外的间接费用。

另一个关键的步骤是衡量和分析员工的实际表现。组织绩效的比较和分析必须以最准确的方式进行，并且应该发现员工绩效的任何差异或差异，并且还应该帮助确定绩效的最佳水平（Teece，1991）。

美国代写report：监督公司绩效

According to Allen & Helms (2006), controlling is a process for reviewing and monitoring a company’s overall performance and making sure that such objectives have been met. It is very necessary that there is appropriate measurement of these accomplishments and they comply with the relevant standards and correction of any fault if there is any point for insuring achievement of appropriate organizational goals. The core purpose of controlling for a functional manager is to confirm that all business operations are according to the relevant standards. According to Wernerfelt (2006), an efficient and effective system of control can help a company to indicate certain issues before they can even occur. Controlling is comprised of several steps and process which can help an organization to achieve their business goals.

The initial step is to evaluate the major areas for organizational controls. Managers have to determine their organizational missions, objectives and goals which have been developed during a planning and development process. The second step is to determine core standards of performance and objectives. The performance of any organization or its department is done in monetary terms which include revenue, expense, etc. To control operational costs, the functional manager of Virgin airways must thoroughly evaluate the financial performance of the company on a consistent basis and is required control or eliminate additional overhead expenses.

Another crucial step is measuring and analyzing actual performance achieved by the employees. Comparison and analysis of the organization’s performance must be done with the utmost accuracy and it should spot any difference or variance in employee performance and should also help to determine the optimum level of performance (Teece, 1991).

 

代写论文：分配原则

在： ,

代写论文：分配原则

分配原则被认为是处理社会生活质量的经济体系的核心。在私有财产和生产投入的基础上概述了两个关键的分配原则。分配原则是处理买卖双方之间货物运输方式的信念，对社会和生态环境影响最小。为了使分销流程具有可持续性，公司必须从以下几个方面开展工作：

ØCompetitiveness

Ø持续改进

Ø重大改进

Ø生活周期方向

Ø双重关注

Ø收件人满意

分配原则似乎是公平的，因为它有助于质量和可负担性。

劳动强度生产

南非的农民喜欢劳动强度的生产，主要是因为同样是小规模企业增加就业机会的可能性较大。在劳动密集型生产中，通过使用临时人员和加班或通过下岗工人可以获得一定的能力灵活性。与劳动强度生产相关的成本也相对较低，因为它只涉及培训，招聘，工资和其他福利。劳动密集型生产更有可能生产个性化或个人化的产品。

1830年代的社会责任

1830年代的商业社会责任包括商业道德，充分进步，创造就业机会，优质服务和商品。 19世纪30年代，企业的主要目标是通过多种作物和充分的进步来尽可能地提高生产力（Carroll＆Buchholtz，2006）。商业道德不够强大，主要是关于优质商品和服务。当时的企业集中精力为人们创造最大的就业机会，从而导致奴隶制。

代写论文：分配原则

The distribution principle is considered to be the heart of economic system as it deals with the quality of life within society. The two key distribution principles are outlined on the basis of private property and productive input. The distribution principle is the set of beliefs which deals with the hauling of goods and means of transportation between the purchaser and vendor with lowest possible influence on the social and ecological environment. For the distribution processes to be sustainable, a company must work for the following aspects:

ØCompetitiveness

ØContinuous Improvement

ØSignificant Improvements

ØLife cycle orientation

ØDual focus

ØRecipient’s satisfaction

The distribution principle seems to be fair as it contributes to the quality and affordability.

Labor Intensity Production

The labor intensity production was preferred by the peasants in SA mainly because the same were more likely to increase the number of jobs in the smaller scale firms. Within Labor Intensity Production, some flexibility in the capacity can be acquired with the use of temporary staff and overtime or through laying-off workers. The costs associated with Labor Intensity Production are also relatively low as it involves only training, recruitment, wages and other benefits. The Labor Intensity Production is more likely to produce personalized or individual products.

Social Responsibilities in 1830s

The social responsibilities for business in 1830s included business ethics, adequate progress, creation of jobs, quality services, and goods. In 1830s, the primary aim of the business was to enhance the productivity as much as possible through multi cropping and adequate progress (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2006). The business ethics were not strong enough and it was primarily about quality goods and services. The corporations back then were focused on creating the maximal jobs for people and hence lead to slavery.

 

 

美国代写论文：中美文化差异

在： ,

美国代写论文：中美文化差异

如果我们以两种截然不同的文化为例，东方文化在中国盛行，西方则像美国。上面讨论过的文化维度是不同的（aief-usa.org）。亚洲文化本质上是集体性的，它遵循组织结构，强烈地相信组织的层级结构。他们相信集体决策，特别是上级的决定。由于他们的小组定位，他们在生活中更友善，更重视价值。他们尊重他们早年传给他们的传统价值观，并有一个长期的定位（JIA，2006）。尊重，同伴的影响力强烈，像中国人这样的亚洲人不太乐于批评，有争议的话题，避免直接的对抗。相反，美国人或西方人本质上是个人主义者，相信并更多地关注自我概念（aief-usa.org）。他们不关心社会或其他人;更喜欢个人的任务，自主，自由和平等。与东方人相比，他们倾向于取得自己的成就，并且开放，直接，大胆。有了这样的特点，他们可以毫不犹豫地或公开地直接讨论任何形式的冲突（aief-usa.org）。美国人通常不接受权力距离，相信他们有更多的权力，如果需要的话，他们甚至可以对上级说出来。他们认为两性在所有事情上是平等的，在避免不确定性方面的作用是低的，当某些事情看起来模棱两可或者不公平时（aief-usa.org），就说得对。然而，中国文化促进了上层决策者对决策的接受，并且在避免不确定性以及权力距离方面具有很高的优势。他们尊重长辈，老年人和人际关系，而不是利润，因此在第一次会议上没有达成任何协议，而是在完全作出决定之前对反方进行判断（Zhu＆McKenna，2007）。他们相信满足他们对他们的期望，而不像美国人只关心自己的自己，平等和正义（aief-usa.org）。

美国代写论文：中美文化差异

If we take the case of two very different cultures, eastern cultures like prevailing in China, against western like America. There is the difference of the dimensions of culture, which are discussed above (aief-usa.org). Asian cultures are collective in nature, which follow group structures, and strongly believe in hierarchies of the organization. They believe in following group decisions and especially regard the decision of higher ups. Because of their group orientation, they are friendlier in nature and value relationships throughout their lives. They respect their traditional values passed to them by their early generations and have a long-term orientation (JIA, 2006). Believing strongly in associations, respect, peer influence, Asian people like Chinese are not so open to criticisms, any controversial topics and thus avoid direct confrontations. On the contrary, Americans or west people are individualist in nature, believing and focusing more on self-concept (aief-usa.org). They don’t care about society or other people; prefer individual tasks, autonomy, freedom and equality. They are prone towards their own self achievements and are open, direct and bold as compared to eastern people. With such characteristics, they are comfortable in discussing any sort of conflict openly and directly without any hesitation or discomfort (aief-usa.org). Americans usually does not accept power distance and believe more in their authority, ready to speak out even against higher ups if needed. They regard both genders equally in all the affairs, and are low on uncertainty avoidance, speaking out rightly when something seems ambiguous or unfair (aief-usa.org). However, Chinese culture promotes acceptance of decisions by the upper level decision makers and are high on uncertainty avoidance as well as power distance. They value respect for elders, seniors and human relations more than profit and thus do not enter into any agreements at the first meeting, but judges the counter party thoroughly before reaching a decision (Zhu &McKenna, 2007). They believe in fulfilling other’s expectations of them unlike Americans who solely cares about their own selves, equality and justice (aief-usa.org).