美国论文代写：领导方式

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美国论文代写：领导方式

李察爵士查尔斯尼古拉斯布兰森与他的小猫许多公司一位英国商人。他生于1950年7月18日。他创立了维珍集团，这是一个由近400家公司组成的集团。同时，根据福布斯，他是英国最富有的第七人（Li &邵，2015）。你可以从理查德·布兰森先生的生活学到很多。他从将学生杂志卖给维珍集团创始人而有着非凡的事业。

领导者被定义为一个有领导能力的人或一个能向前进的人。领导者往往具有某些特质，他们经常使用这些品质来改善团队，使自己更好。领导者有能力树立榜样，换句话说，领导者可以通过榜样来领导。领导者是无私的，他们把所有的热情和热情，激励他们的团队成员，并不断帮助他们成长，并在他们的生活中达到下一个水平。

理查德·布兰森先生是一个伟大的领袖，一个活生生的例子。从十六岁起，他就决定要在生活中达到更高的境界。他从一本学生杂志开始。在童年时代，他患有诵读困难症，他在学术界的表现也很差。他的老师曾经告诉他，他将在监狱里度过他的生活或者他会成为一个百万富翁（brotheridge，2015）。毫无疑问，理查德·布兰森是这个地球上最成功的人。他是一个真正的领袖的活生生的例子，他的生活瞥见了领导者应该如何行动以达到组织目标。

美国论文代写：领导方式

Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is an English businessman with lots of companies in his kitty. He was born on 18th July 1950. He founded the Virgin group which is a conglomerate of nearly 400 companies. Also, according to Forbes, he is the seventh richest man in United Kingdom (Li & Shao, 2015). One can learn a lot from the life of Sir Richard Branson. He has had a remarkable career from selling the student magazine to the founder of the Virgin group.

Leader is defined as a person who has the ability to lead the way or a person who can show the way forward. Leaders tend to have certain traits which they constantly use to better the team and to better themselves. Leaders have the capabilities to set examples or in other words leaders lead through examples. Leaders are selfless and they put all their zeal and enthusiasm to motivate their team members and to constantly help them to grow and reach the next levels in their lives.

Sir Richard Branson is a living example of being a great leader. From the age of sixteen he was determined that he has to reach greater heights in his life. He started with a student magazine. In his childhood days he suffered from dyslexia and his performance in his academics was also poor. His teacher once told him that either he would spend his life in jail or he would become a millionaire (Brotheridge, 2015). Undoubtedly, Sir Richard Branson is one of the most successful people on this earth. He is a living example of being a true leader and his life gives glimpse of how leaders should act in order to achieve the organizational goals.

美国论文代写：领导层

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美国论文代写：领导层

作者的论文是以二手数据来源为基础的。作者考虑过同行评审的期刊。本文不局限于某个特定的行业，部门，组织的规模或收入。事实上，这篇论文是一篇关于任何组织的管理和领导的概括性文章。文中提到的四大领导力量可以适用于任何组织。领导者应该有视野，价值观，处理错误和影响技能的能力。这些品质无论企业的种类还是企业的规模。在目前的情况下，组织确实需要良好的领导来管理公司。提交人的看法与单靠管理层不能改变公司的工作情况一样。管理层有必要确定能够很好地管理公司的领导者。笔者谈到了四个领导层。这些领导力杠杆并不局限于某个行业。这是一个普遍的概念，可以被在组织中工作的人们吸引，成为好的领导者（Hogan，2011）。

笔者又一次表示，与管理层相比，领导层更具有洞察力。因此笔者主张领导与管理应该相辅相成。管理在所有组织中都很重要，但是领导层给管理层提供了维度，这有助于以最好的方式管理公司。管理是如何管理事物的科学，领导是管理组织的艺术。

美国论文代写：领导层

The author has based his paper on secondary data sources. The author has considered peer reviewed journals. This paper is not confined to some particular industry, sector, and size of firm or revenue of the organization. In fact this paper is a generalized article which talks about management and leadership in any organization. The four leadership lever mentioned in the article can be applied to any organization. Leaders should have vision, values, ability to handle mistakes and influencing skills. These qualities are irrespective of the kind of firm or the size of the firm. In the current scenario, the organizations do need good leaders to manage the firm. The author talks on the same lines that management alone cannot change the working of the firm for the better. It is necessary for the management to identify leaders who can manage the firm well. The author talks about four levers of leadership. These levers of leadership are not confined to a particular industry. It is a general concept which can be imbibed by the people working in an organization to become good leaders (Hogan, 2011).

The author makes another statement that leadership is more insightful as compared to management alone. Thus the author advocates the idea that leadership and management should go hand in hand. Management is important in all the organizations but leadership gives dimension to management which helps in running the firm in the best possible way. Management is the science of how things should be managed and leadership is the art of managing an organization.

美国杨百翰大学论文代写：成本领先战略

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美国杨百翰大学论文代写：成本领先战略

这一战略的重点是成为行业内或市场中的领导者。通过成为一个行业中成本最低的生产商之一，企业可以实施一项战略，帮助他们成为一个行业中成本最低的生产者之一，如果他们能够降低价格，这将有助于阻止市场份额的相对增长。通过调整成本领先战略，企业可以非常有信心，他们能够实现，甚至保持在一个行业或部门的竞争优势。这在实现成本领先战略是成功的公司都能够追求成本领先战略有很大的风险，因为他们的成本降低可能不是唯一的，其他竞争对手可能会提供他们的成本削减策略，以不同的方式（Amabile，1996）。这就是为什么公司找到各种方法来降低成本和其他费用。只有那些有能力获得足够资源的公司才能生产出有价值的、有很大市场份额的大生产量的企业，这一战略才是可行的。能够适应重点战略的企业也可以享受低成本的优势，这也带来了较高的盈利水平。

成本领先的例子

成本领先的主要例子之一是戴尔的商业战略。戴尔已经能够初步 能够保持库存水平相对较低，只有建立计算机在其供应链计划运用成本领先战略实现的市场份额。这导致运行费用低，因此戴尔可以比其竞争对手以较低的成本制造电脑（chakravorti，2004）。然而，这一战略附带了一些固有的后果。戴尔的声誉作为一个低成本的领导让客户怀疑质量低，这也使得该公司将自己和它的产品很难制造的产品。公司很难转向差异化或集中化战略。

美国杨百翰大学论文代写：成本领先战略

This strategy focuses on being a leader within an industry or within a market. By becoming one of the lowest-cost producers within an industry, firms can implement a strategy which can help them to become one of the lowest cost producers within an industry if they are able to cut down their prices and this will help in blocking down the relative increase in market share. By adapting a cost leadership strategy, firms can be highly confident that they are able to achieved and even maintain a competitive advantage within an industry or sector. Companies which have been successful in achieving a cost leadership strategy do have a great risk in being able to pursue a cost leadership strategy because for them cost reduction may not be unique and other competitors may offer them cost reduction strategies in a different manner (Amabile, 1996). That’s why companies find various ways to reduce cost and other expenses.  This strategy is only viable for firms who possess the ability in having access to adequate resources and are able to produce large production volumes which are valuable and have a great market share. Businesses which are able to adapt a focus strategy can also enjoy advantages which could be low costs and this also results in having a high level of profitability.

Cost leadership-examples

One of the prime examples of Cost leadership is Dell’s business strategy. Dell had been able to initially achieve a market share by being able to keep a relatively low level of inventories and only built computers by applying cost leadership strategies in its supply chain programs. It resulted in low operating expenses and thus Dell was able to manufacture computers at a relatively low cost than its competitors (Chakravorti, 2004). However, this strategy had some inherent consequences attached to it. Dell’s reputation as a low cost leader made customers skeptical of making products with low quality and this also made it difficult for the company to rebrand itself and its products. It was difficult for the company to shift towards a differentiation or focus strategy.

美国代写report：改革政治和经济政策

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美国代写report：改革政治和经济政策

斯蒂格利茨已经完成了这本书，其中涉及改革议程，包括改革政治和经济政策，可能导致制度高效率，创造就业机会，解决与不平等有关的问题（Stiglitz，102） 。他认为有可能有更好的制度，因为在这段时间内进行了重要的改革。总而言之，他对美国政治和能力进行重要改革进程更加悲观，因为有钱有力的人有资源和激励反对。与不平等有关的问题确实是非常复杂和有争议的，以便在这本书中详尽地解决。
建立测试假设的实证和理论依据已经做好了，因为收入最高的收入增长是以贫困家庭为代价的，而中等收入本质上仍然是有争议的。这本书从政治经济学的角度来看，政治政策和放松管制措施将低收入和中等收入家庭的利益划分为边缘化（Stiglitz，98）。在市场经济运行的社会政治环境中，强调了这一点，其结果受到政府政策对实现公平，健全的经济体制的失败或有效性的影响。从这个论点获得的士气是以可持续的方式解决不平等的问题，需要改革政治和政策的力量，开始崛起，并有助于维持这些不平等。

美国代写report：改革政治和经济政策

This book has been concluded by Stiglitz with a recipe regarding agenda of reform that cover both, reforms of politics and policy of economy that could result in making the system highly efficient, generating jobs, and addressing the issues related to inequality (Stiglitz, 102). It has been contended by him that there is possibility of better system given that the important reforms are undertaken within this duration of time. In concluding this point, he has been more pessimistic regarding the process of politics and ability of America for undertaking the important reforms as the moneyed and powerful have the resources and incentive for fighting against it. The issues related to inequality are indeed highly complicated and contentious for being addressed in an exhaustive manner within this particular book.

Establishing empirical and theoretical evidence for testing the hypothesis has been done as there is initiation of growth in income at the top most level at the cost of poor households and middle income has still been contentious in nature. It has been argued by the book from the perspective of political economy how policies of government and measures of deregulation marginalized the interests held by the families of low income and middle income (Stiglitz, 98). Emphasis has been laid in the books that forces of market operate in an environment of socio- politics and the result is affected by the failure or effectiveness of government policies for bringing about an equitable and robust system of economy. The morale obtained from this argument is that to address the issues of inequality in a sustainable way that needs to reform the forces of politics and policies of government that initiate a rise and helps in sustaining them in a significant manner.

美国论文代写：范围经济

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美国论文代写：范围经济

范围经济可以定义为企业在提供多种产品而不是专门从事制造、生产或交付单一产品或服务时所面临的成本优势。如果一家公司能生产出比单独的公司更便宜的产品线的最佳产出水平，那么每一家公司都能在最佳产出水平上生产出唯一的产品。范围经济来源于投入的分配或联合部署，并导致单位成本的减少。范围经济通常与单位成本在产出上升时向下移动的事实相联系。（1996；普赖拉粉红2006）。

在制药行业，规模经济是非常重要的，因为它降低了研究和开发成本的主要程度，因为研发是制药工业必须面对的主要成本。如果是感冒药行业，公司在引进感冒药时，就可以采用范围经济来治疗感冒药。例如疾病如感冒和发烧，也用于感冒和流感的药物如对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸去氧肾上腺素、Dextromethorphan hydrobromide制造类似的化学品，如感冒药等行业采用范围经济，这将节省研发的成本因此面临生产更多量的剂量为疾病类似的边际成本显著降低。

规模经济可以定义为在总产出增加时降低平均生产成本的因素。这些公司期待着生产更多的商品和服务，从而相对降低单位或可变成本，这有助于公司降低生产成本，并享有与竞争对手相比的竞争优势。

美国论文代写：范围经济

Economies of scope can be defined as the cost advantages that are faced by the firms when they prefer to provide a variety of products instead of specializing in the manufacturing, production or delivering of a sole product or service. If a firm can produce an optimum level of output of each its product line cheaper than a blend of separate firms, each producing a sole product at an optimum output level. Economies of scope arise from the allocation or joint deployment of inputs and lead to lessening in per unit costs. Economy of scope is usually linked to the fact in which per unit cost moves downwards when the output rises. (Given 1996; Preyra & Pink 2006).

In case of pharmaceutical industries, the economies of scale are very important as it reduces a major degree of research and development cost, as R&D is the major cost that pharmaceutical industry has to face. In case of cold medication industry the company has benefit to adopt the economies of scope in introducing the medicine for flu, when they are already dealing in the market for medication for cold. For example for illness like cold and fever, there are similar chemicals used in manufacturing of  medicines for cold and flu such as Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine hydrochloride, Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, etc. If the industries of cold medication adopt the economies of scope, it will save the cost of R&D hence facing a prominent decrease in marginal cost of producing extra amount of doses for similar kind of diseases.

Economies of scale can be defined as the factor that can reduce average cost of production when the overall output increases. The companies look forward for producing a larger amount of goods and service, which relatively reduce the per unit or variable cost, which helps the company to reduce its cost of production and enjoys the competitive advantage over the rivals.

 

美国论文代写：经济萧条的后果

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美国论文代写：经济萧条的后果

在这一过程中存在着问责和透明度的问题，就像问题资产救助计划(CGF,2009)的情况一样。一些稳定措施，如ARRA，因为失业率没有下降，ARRA项目的意图也受到了审查。据估计，财政推动的结果是积极的，但事实并非如此，其峰值达到了9.6%，但并没有出现积极的好转。然而，这些都是社会的担忧，单是美国的经济就不足以解释它。低工资可能没有激励人们去寻找工作，这可能是失业率没有下降的原因。

经济衰退也影响了其他部门，联邦储备委员会第13(3)条执行了(这一节在大萧条期间曾实施过)。这项法律是为了通过与刺激计划(一级交易商信贷工具(PDCF))的关系来帮助增加资金流动而制定的。为了使经济恢复到复苏阶段(耶伦，2009)，在这些举措中使用了6000亿美元的一揽子计划。

制定的财政政策和货币政策是为了使经济恢复到自我管理的恢复阶段。GDP下降，失业率上升，消费下降，更多的企业倒闭。金融机构宣布破产。美国政府在联邦一级,总统的直接监督下和从美国联邦储备理事会(美联储,fed)的权威,通过实施财政和货币包能够恢复国家的经济更恢复过去的年GDP显示状态。

美国论文代写：经济萧条的后果

There were concerns in the process, of both accountability and transparency, as in the case of the troubled asset relief program (CGF, 2009). Some stabilization packages such as the ARRA came under scrutiny because the unemployment rates did not go down, as was the intention of the ARRA programs. The Fiscal push was estimated to create a positive turn around, however, this was not the case in reality, and it peaked to 9.6 percent as was estimated but did not have a positive turnaround. However, these are concerns of the society, and economy of the United States alone might not be enough to explain it. Low wages might not have motivated people to seek jobs, and this could be the reason why unemployment rates did not drop.

The economic recession was also affecting other sectors, and the Federal Reserve section 13(3) was implemented (This section was previously implemented during the great Depression). The law was enacted in order to help increase money flow using the as pertaining to the stimulus program, the Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF). A 600 billion dollars package was used in these initiatives in order to bring back the economy to a recovery phase (Yellen, 2009).

The fiscal and the monetary policies that were formulated were created in order to bring the economy back to a self manageable recovery phase. The falling GDP, the increased unemployment rates, lowered consumption, and more led to the failure of many businesses. Financial institutions announced bankruptcy. The United States Administration working at both the federal level, both under direct supervision of the President and from the authority of the Federal Reserve, by implementing both fiscal and monetary packages was able to bring back the country’s economy to a more recovered state as the past years GDP indicates.

美国代写essay：培训的作用

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美国代写essay：培训的作用

从雇主的角度看培训的好处，从他们的观点来看，培训对员工很重要的原因应该被列出。当员工们认为公司正在为他们的培训和发展投资时，员工们就会觉得自己更有价值，进而对工作场所和他们所做的工作表现出更大的忠诚和感激之情(McGregor,1960:122 – 127)。随后，员工们觉得有必要提供更多的服务，并尽最大努力保持公司的利润和成功。

培训也给员工带来了一种赋权感，这种感觉会使员工在短时间内接受更多的任务和责任。在整个员工培训中，对他们所工作的组织和他们自己都是有益的。

培训机构员工的另一个方面是，他们的动机是提高工作效率，他们可能会不断地发展自己，学习新的技术和技术，从长远来看，这将有助于企业的发展。

经过适当培训的员工也可以管理和监控自己，不需要对他们的工作进行微观管理，他们可能会得到更多的工作，并被要求指导和指导下级员工(Lombardi & laurano,2013:252 – 292)。员工培训的整个本质是在组织中创造一个学习环境，使员工成为不断成长的工作场所的一部分，使他们更能坚持组织工作，从而减少消耗。

美国代写essay：培训的作用

Having seen the benefits of training from an employer’s perspective, the reasons why training is important to an employee from their viewpoint shall be listed. When the employees fell that the organization is investing money for their training and development, the employees feel more worthy and in turn show a greater sense of loyalty and gratitude to the workplace and the work they do (McGregor, 1960: 122-127). Subsequently the employees feel the need to deliver more and do their best to always keep the business in profit and success.

Training also creates a sense of empowerment to the employee which results in an increased willingness and acceptance to accommodate more tasks and responsibilities within a short period of time. On the whole employee training is beneficial to the organization they work for and also for themselves.

Another of the takeaways of training the staff of an organization is that they are motivated to be more productive and they may be constantly engaged in developing themselves and learning new technologies and techniques that shall help the business in the long run.

The staff who are trained properly shall also be able to manage and monitor themselves and there shall be no need for micromanagement of their work, rather they may be given more work and additionally asked to mentor and guide employees who are junior to them (Lombardi &Laurano, 2013: 252-292). The whole essence of staff training is to create a learning environment in the organization that makes the employees they are part of a continually growing workplace that makes them stick on to the organization for even more time, thereby a measure for also reducing attrition.

 

美国论文代写：员工留任和离职

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美国论文代写：员工留任和离职

工作中的错配与员工的技能

这是一个与整个员工招聘过程有关的重大问题。如果一个不合适的候选人被选中，它会给雇主和整个组织带来一些问题。组织无法确定员工的最佳招聘阶段，这就产生了一个大问题。

缺乏培训，职业成长和发展

员工觉得他们的工作没有增长的潜力，也没有晋升的可能。他们没有任何与公司合作的动机，想离开公司（艾伦等人，2003）。员工对发展和职业潜力的不满是员工改变当前工作的最大原因之一。如果雇员在更新技能方面没有得到足够的发展机会，他们肯定会离开目前的工作。

低工资的补偿

动机理论假定个人对他们的工作贡献的公平和公平回报的信念。这样的假设是，当一个人认为他们自己的待遇是不公平的，他们就会被激励去采取他们认为合适的行动。由于有限理性，试图留住人才的问题更为复杂。这使得那些不能在等级制度中改善自己职位的同事更有可能留在公司。这往往是由于业绩不佳的信息不足，因此在财务上没有得到承认。

美国论文代写：员工留任和离职

Mismatch in job and the skills of the employee

It is a massive issue which is relevant to the overall employee recruitment process. If an unsuitable candidate is selected than it can cause several problems for the employer and the organization as a whole. Organizations are unable to confirm the optimum recruitment phase for employees and this creates a massive problem.

Lack of training, career growth and development

Employees feel that they there is no growth potential in their job and there is no potential for promotion in the company. They don’t have any motivation to work with the company and want to leave the company (Allen et al, 2003). Being dissatisfied with growth and career potential is one of the biggest reasons employees want to switch their current job. If employees are not provided adequate growth for job opportunities in updating their skills, than they will certainly leave their current job.

Low Salary/ Compensation

Motivational theories presume that individuals develop beliefs about what constitutes a fair and equitable return for their contributions to their jobs. The assumption is then made that when an individual believes that their own treatment is not equitable, they will be motivated to take actions they deem appropriate. The problem of attempting to keep talented members of the work force is further complicated because of bounded rationality. This leaves colleagues who cannot improve their positions within the hierarchy more likely to remain with the organisation. This is often due to inadequate information on outstanding performance, therefore it is not recognises financially.

 

美国论文代写：小组工作

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美国论文代写：小组工作

我有优秀的团队能力。在小组工作时，我可以很好地交际，也很友好和乐于接受。在一个项目中，在我的本科课程中，我是一个五人的团队，背景完全不同。我们能在乎作为一个群体，能够满足我们每一个人的任务和协调任务的时限更好。我们的导师认为我们有良好的团队活力。我也努力确保在小组工作中，任何和所有冲突都以迅速友好的方式得到处理。这是我的队友给予的同行评审，我相信这项技能将有助于我更好地与组织合作。

1。我对权威反应良好，但我也相信自主服从。我推理并确保我更好地理解独裁步骤，然后实施它们。我相信我更多的是一个自主工作者，他对项目改进的群体观点也很感兴趣。

2。在我的学术领域有经验的组织工作中，我相信我是一个非常敬业的工作者。我保证我所有的技能都能很好地应用到问题中。为了做到这一点，在解决问题的过程中，我列出了一份对我有利的技能，然后跟着他们。这种有组织的工作确保了一旦形成解决方案的过程开始，我就不会处于不利地位。

美国论文代写：小组工作

I have excellent group dynamics. I can socialize well and am friendly and receptive when it comes to working in a group. In a project, during my undergraduate program I was in a team of five, with completely different backgrounds. We were able to jive well as a group and were able to meet each of our individual tasks and coordinated tasks deadline better. We were judged by our mentor as having good group dynamics. I also strive to ensure that in terms of group work, any and all conflicts are attended to in a quick and amicable manner. This was the peer review given by my team mates and I believe that this skill will help me in working better with organizations.

  1. I respond well to authority, but I also believe in autonomous obedience. I reason and ensure that I understand authoritarian steps better and then implement them. I believe I am more of an autonomous worker who is also interested in group perspective for the betterment of projects.
  2. In organizational working as experienced in my academic area I believe that I am a very dedicated worker. I ensure that all my skills are applied into a problem well. In order to do this, during problem solving, I make up a list of my skills that will be to my advantage and then follow them. This organized working ensures that I am not at a disadvantage once the process towards forming solution starts.

美国明尼苏达大学论文代写： 产品的附加功能

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美国明尼苏达大学论文代写： 产品的附加功能

后现代社会变得支离破碎。客户必须从现有的多样化选项中协商他的生活方式。因此，很明显，消费者寻求自我认同。后现代消费者不仅消费产品，而且消费产品的象征意义。超现实的概念与产品的象征意义密切相关。

产品公司使用模拟的力量来确定现实。这些公司使用任意性的概念，因为它们使用了形式、技术、符号等复杂的用法，给产品带来了其他的含义。例如，人们洗澡时，沐浴皂是用来清洁身体的。广告主给美、乐、SPA等产品赋予了新的象征意义，这些替代符号投射得如此强烈，使之成为消费者的终极现实（吉登斯，1991）。

有人认为，产品的本质是丢失的，剩下的只是图像。因此，消费者现在使用图像购买产品。因此，说图像不代表产品而不是产品代表图像是没有错的。后现代消费并不真正消耗产品，而是消费与产品有关的象征意义（哈奇和舒尔茨，1997）。后现代的客户知道牙膏使牙齿雪白，但他们更担心的是其他附带福利如性感，女孩越来越吸引和喜欢。他们知道基本特性总是与产品相关联。他们实际上想知道的是产品的附加功能。

美国明尼苏达大学论文代写： 产品的附加功能

The post modern society has become fragmented and dispersed. The customer has to negotiate his lifestyle from the diversity of options present. Hence it is quite evident that the consumer looks out for self-identity. The post modern customers do not just consume the product but they consume the symbolic meaning of the product as well. The concept of hyper reality is closely associated with the symbolic meanings of the products.

The product companies use the power of simulation to determine the reality. The companies use the concept of arbitrariness as they attach several other meanings to the product with the use of sophisticated use of form, technique, symbol etc. For example a bathing soap is supposed to clean out body while people take bath. The advertisers give new symbolic meaning to the product like beauty, happiness, spa experience etc. These alternate symbols are projected so strongly that this becomes the ultimate reality for the consumers (Giddens, 1991).

It is argued that the essence of the product is lost, what is left is just the image. Thus consumers now use the image to buy a product. Thus it is not wrong to say that image is not representing the product rather the product is representing the image. The post modern consumes do not really consume the product instead they consume the symbolic meaning attached with the product (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). The post modern customers know that tooth paste makes teeth white but they are more concerned about the other collateral benefits like sexiness, the girls getting attracted and the like. They know that the basic feature would always be associated with the product. What they actually want to know is the additional feature which they would be getting along with the product.